Table 1.
Baseline Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics of Children with DMDD and BP-NOS
| Variable | DMDD (n = 140) | BP-NOS (n = 77) | t test or χ2 | Cohen's d or φ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean ± SD | 9.11 ± 1.83 | 9.87 ± 2.07 | 2.79** | 0.39 |
| Gender, male n (%) | 97 (69) | 42 (55) | 4.69* | 0.15 |
| Race, white n (%) | 82 (59) | 45 (58) | 0.00 | |
| Medicaid, yes n (%) | 80 (57) | 39 (51) | 0.85 | |
| No. of meds at baseline, mean ± SD | 0.95 ± .98 | 1.04 ± 1.16 | 0.60 | |
| No. of diagnoses at baseline, mean ± SD | 2.91 ± 1.19 | 3.04 ± 1.26 | 0.77 | |
| Hospitalization, yes n (%) | 10 (7) | 5 (7) | 0.03 | |
| ESM+ n (%) | 127 (91) | 75 (97) | 2.94 | |
| CGAS, mean ± SD | 51.33 ± 8.99 | 51.57 ± 8.58 | 0.19 | |
| YMRS, mean ± SD | 17.31 ± 7.62 | 25.09 ± 7.71 | 7.16*** | 1.01 |
| CDRS, mean ± SD | 36.64 ± 9.56 | 39.27 ± 10.60 | 1.87 | |
| PGBI-10M, mean ± SD | 14.01 ± 6.68 | 15.39 ± 6.06 | 1.5 | |
| SCARED-P, mean ± SD | 17.32 ± 12.90 | 17.44 ± 10.78 | 0.07 | |
| Irritability Scale, mean ± SD | 11.62 ± 3.78 | 12.39 ± 3.60 | −1.46 | |
| ADHD, yes n (%) | 118 (84) | 59 (77) | 1.94 | |
| Disruptive disorder, yes n (%) | 137 (98) | 41 (53) | 67.06*** | 0.56 |
| Anxiety, yes n (%) | 42 (30) | 26 (34) | 0.33 | |
| Elimination disorder, yes n (%) | 31 (22) | 17 (22) | 0.00 | |
| PDD, yes n (%) | 4 (3) | 0 (0) | 2.24 | |
| Psychosis, yes n (%) | 3 (2) | 2 (3) | 0.05 | |
| Maternal history of probable bipolar disorder, yes n (%) | 14 (10) | 15 (20) | 3.86* | |
| Paternal history of probable bipolar disorder, yes n (%) | 12 (9) | 9 (12) | 0.52 | |
| Probable diagnosis of either parent bipolar spectrum, yes n | 26 (19) | 24 (31) | 4.45* | 0.14 |
*
p < .05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.
DMDD, disruptive mood dysregulation disorder; BP-NOS, bipolar disorder, not otherwise specified; ESM, elevated symptoms of mania; CGAS, Children's Global Assessment Scale; YMRS, Young Mania Rating Scale; CDRS, Children's Depression Rating Scale; PGBI-10M, Parent General Behavior Inventory 10-Item Mania Scale; SCARED-P, Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders; ADHD, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; PDD, pervasive developmental disorder.