Table 4.
Development and coverage of HSTs across WHO European region (2005–2012).
| Country | Total number of HST services detected between 2005 and 2013 |
Rate of HST services per 100,000 inhabitants (2005–2013) (population changes considered) |
2012 Coverage for HSTa (recommended ratio 0.5 services/100,000 inhabitants) |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2005 | 2012 | Difference | p Valueb | 2005 Rate | 2012 Rate | Difference | HST detected/HST needed | % | |
| Western Europe | |||||||||
| Andorra | ND | 1 | ND | – | N/A | 1.14 | N/A | 1/1 | 100 |
| Austria | 10 | 29 | 19 | ** | 0.12 | 0.34 | 0.22 | 29/42 | 69 |
| Belgium | 77 | 116 | 39 | * | 0.74 | 1.08 | 0.34 | 116/54 | 215 |
| Cyprus | 0 | 0 | 0 | n.s. | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0/6 | 0 |
| Denmark | 6 | 13 | 7 | n.s. | 0.11 | 0.23 | 0.12 | 13/28 | 46 |
| Finland | 10 | 1 | −9 | ** | 0.19 | 0.02 | −0.17 | 1/27 | 4 |
| France | 309 | 260 | −49 | *** | 0.51 | 0.41 | −0.10 | 260/317 | 82 |
| Germany | 56 | ND | NDc | – | 0.07 | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| Greece | 20 | 0 | −20 | *** | 0.18 | 0.00 | −0.18 | 0/57 | 0 |
| Iceland | 1 | 1 | 0 | n.s. | 0.34 | 0.30 | −0.03 | 1/2 | 50 |
| Ireland | 22 | 39 | 17 | n.s. | 0.55 | 0.85 | 0.31 | 39/23 | 170 |
| Israel | 3 | 3 | 0 | n.s. | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.00 | 3/39 | 8 |
| Italy | 0 | 0 | 0 | n.s. | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0/304 | 0 |
| Luxembourg | 1 | 3 | 2 | n.s. | 0.22 | 0.57 | 0.35 | 3/3 | 100 |
| Malta | 1 | 2 | 1 | n.s. | 0.26 | 0.36 | 0.10 | 2/3 | 67 |
| The Netherlands | 50 | ND | ND | – | 0.31 | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| Norway | 16 | 19 | 3 | n.s. | 0.35 | 0.38 | 0.04 | 19/25 | 77 |
| Portugal | 1 | 20 | 19 | *** | 0.01 | 0.19 | 0.18 | 20/53 | 38 |
| Spain | 27 | 78 | 51 | *** | 0.06 | 0.17 | 0.10 | 78/234 | 33 |
| Sweden | 10 | 13 | 3 | n.s. | 0.11 | 0.14 | 0.03 | 13/47 | 28 |
| Switzerland | 7 | 16 | 9 | n.s. | 0.09 | 0.20 | 0.11 | 16/39 | 41 |
| Turkey | 10 | 55 | 45 | *** | 0.01 | 0.07 | 0.06 | 55/373 | 15 |
| United Kingdom | 305 | 360 | 55 | n.s. | 0.51 | 0.57 | 0.06 | 360/314 | 115 |
| Central and Eastern Europe | |||||||||
| Albania | 0 | 1 | 1 | n.s. | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 1/16 | 1 |
| Armenia | 10 | 0 | −10 | *** | 0.34 | 0.00 | −0.34 | 0/15 | 0 |
| Azerbaijan | 0 | 0 | 0 | n.s. | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0/48 | 0 |
| Belarus | 1 | 0 | −1 | n.s. | 0.01 | 0.00 | −0.01 | 0/48 | 0 |
| Bulgaria | 0 | 9 | 9 | ** | 0.00 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 9/37 | 24 |
| Croatia | 0 | 0 | 0 | n.s. | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0/22 | 0 |
| Czech Republic | 1 | 2 | 1 | n.s. | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 2/53 | 4 |
| Estonia | 0 | 0 | 0 | n.s. | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0/7 | 0 |
| Georgia | 0 | 1 | 1 | n.s. | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 1/21 | 5 |
| Hungary | 4 | 3 | −1 | n.s. | 0.04 | 0.03 | −0.01 | 3/50 | 6 |
| Kazakhstan | 0 | 0 | 0 | n.s. | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0/82 | 0 |
| Latvia | 0 | 7 | 7 | ** | 0.00 | 0.31 | 0.31 | 7/11 | 63 |
| Lithuania | 1 | 1 | −1 | n.s. | 0.03 | 0.02 | −0.01 | 1/16 | 6 |
| Macedonia | 2 | 7 | 5 | n.s. | 0.10 | 0.31 | 0.22 | 7/10 | 70 |
| Moldova | 0 | 1 | 1 | n.s. | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 1/18 | 6 |
| Montenegro | ND | 0 | ND | – | ND | 0.00 | ND | 0/3 | ND |
| Poland | 2 | 9 | 7 | * | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 9/192 | 5 |
| Romania | 2 | 2 | 0 | n.s. | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 2/107 | 2 |
| Russia | 17 | 0 | −17 | *** | 0.01 | 0.00 | −0.01 | 0/714 | 0 |
| Serbia | ND | 1 | ND | – | ND | 0.01 | ND | 1/49 | 2 |
| Slovakia | 0 | 0 | 0 | n.s. | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0/27 | 0 |
| Slovenia | 2 | 17 | 15 | ** | 0.10 | 0.83 | 0.73 | 17/10 | 170 |
| Ukraine | 0 | 0 | 0 | n.s. | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0/225 | 0 |
| Europe | 984 | 1088 | 102 | – | 0.12 | 0.19 | 0.06 | 1088/3769 | 29 |
| Western Europe | 942 | 1028 | 85 | – | 0.22 | 0.30 | 0.08 | 1028/1989 | 52 |
| Central and Eastern Europe | 42 | 60 | 17 | – | 0.03 | 0.08 | 0.05 | 60/1780 | 3 |
HST: home support team; WHO: World Health Organization; ND: not determined; N/A: not available; n.s.: not significant.
a
Services needed estimate following the proportion suggested by the EAPC White Paper: 0.5 HSTs per million inhabitants (2012 country population data used).
b
Adjusted residual standardised analysis: *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.
c
For Germany in the EAPC Atlas, the data of HST were unavailable. Following publication of the Atlas, the number was revealed as 90 HSTs. That means six services less than the previous 2005 survey. The 2012 coverage would therefore be 50 of 410 (12%).