Fig. 1.

Results on the LFIA with flavan-3-ol monomers on mixed first-stage larvae (L1) (Cooperia oncophora and Ostertagia ostertagi 70:30). Bars represent the mean of fed larvae (%) from three replicates incubated in PBS (negative control) or pure flavan-3-ol monomers at 10 (light grey), 40 (grey) and 160 (dark grey) μg mL⁻¹ with error bars as s.d. Tested compounds were catechin (C) and epicatechin (EC) (i.e. procyanidin subunits), and gallocatechin (GC) and epigallocatechin (EGC) (i.e. prodelphinidin subunits) and their galloylated derivatives: gallocatechin gallate (GCg) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg). Significant differences between the mean in PBS and mean of each monomer at different dose levels are indicated by letters (asterisks **: P < 0·01; ***: P < 0·001). Thus, for each flavan-3-ol monomer different letters indicate statistical difference between doses (P < 0·05). Chemical structures of flavan-3-ol monomers are available from Brunet and Hoste (2006).