Table 2.
Univariable logistic regression analysis with baseline and perioperative characteristics of the lung transplant cohort (N = 494)
| Characteristics | PGD Grade ≥ 3 (N = 123) | PGD Grade 0–2 (N = 371) | OR (95% CI)* | P value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Donor | ||||
| Age (years) | 40±15 | 38±16 | 1.09 (0.95, 1.24) a | 0.22 |
| History of smoking, N % | 15 (12) | 58 (16) | 0.75 (0.41, 1.38) | 0.35 |
| Donation after cardiac death, N % | 7 (6) | 21 (6) | 1.01 (0.42, 2.43) | 0.99 |
| Cause of brain death of the donor, N % | 0.49 | |||
| Anoxia | 13 (11) | 48 (13) | 0.79 (0.31, 2.02) | |
| Cerebrovascular accident | 56 (46) | 140 (38) | 1.16 (0.53, 2.54) | |
| Trauma | 44 (36) | 154 (42) | 0.83 (0.37, 1.83) | |
| Other | 10 (8) | 29 (8) | Ref = 1 | |
| Ratio of PaO2/FiO2 | 422 [356, 478] | 431 [373, 487] | 0.99 (0.97, 1.01) a | 0.33 |
| Recipient | ||||
| Female, N % | 47 (38) | 125 (34) | 1.22 (0.80, 1.86) | 0.36 |
| Caucasian, N % | 107 (87) | 338 (91) | 0.65 (0.35, 1.23) | 0.19 |
| Age (years) | 56 ± 11 | 58 ± 12 | 0.88 (0.75, 1.04) a | 0.12 |
| Weight | 75 ± 15 | 76 ± 16 | 0.94 (0.83, 1.07) | 0.35 |
| Extracorporeal life support, N % | 3 (2) | 9 (2) | 1.01 (0.27, 3.77) | 0.99 |
| Mechanical ventilation, N % | 6 (5) | 14 (4) | 1.31 (0.49, 3.48) | 0.59 |
| Cause of End Stage Lung Disease, N % | ||||
| Idiopathic pulmonary hypertension | 9 (7) | 8 (2) | 3.58 (1.35, 9.50) | 0.01 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 23 (19) | 87 (23) | 0.75 (0.45, 1.25) | 0.27 |
| Interstitial lung disease | 60 (49) | 191 (51) | 0.90 (0.60, 1.35) | 0.60 |
| Cystic fibrosis | 9 (7) | 39 (11) | 0.67 (0.32, 1.43) | 0.30 |
| Sarcoidosis | 5 (4) | 10 (3) | 1.53 (0.51, 4.57) | 0.45 |
| Intraoperative factors | ||||
| Ischemia time (hours) | 5.9 [4.8, 6.8] | 5.1 [4.4, 5.9] | 1.44 (1.23, 1.68) | <0.001 |
| Surgical time (hours) | 7.4 ± 2.0 | 6.4 ± 1.9 | 1.32 (1.17, 1.49) | <0.001 |
| Double transplant, N % | 80 (65) | 207 (56) | 1.47 (0.97, 2.25) | 0.073 |
| Use of cardiopulmonary bypass, N % | 98 (80) | 241 (65) | 2.11 (1.30, 3.45) | 0.003 |
| Total dose of norepinephrine (mcg) | 550 [121, 1267] | 338 [83, 734] | 1.02 (0.99, 1.05) b | 0.23 |
| Total dose of epinephrine (mcg) | 149 [0, 513] | 30 [0, 382] | 1.7 (1.16, 2.49) b | 0.006 |
| Use of vasopressin , N % | 72 (59) | 167 (45) | 1.72 (1.14, 2.61) | 0.01 |
| Use of milrinone , N % | 21 (17) | 32 (9) | 2.18 (1.21, 3.95) | 0.01 |
| Average CVP postreperfusion (mmHg) | 15.2 ± 4.2 | 14.4 ± 3.9 | 1.68 (1.01, 2.79) a | 0.048 |
| Average mean PAP post-reperfusion (mmHg) | 29.7 ± 6.6 | 28.1 ± 5.9 | 1.55 (1.10, 2.18) a | 0.012 |
| Cardiac index (L/min/m2) | 2.6 ± 0.7 | 2.6 ± 0.6 | 0.50 (0.02, 13.6) a | 0.68 |
| Average PEEP post reperfusion (cmH2O) | 9.7 ± 2.6 | 9.2 ± 2.3 | 2.12 (0.90, 4.97) a | 0.085 |
| Average FiO2 postreperfusion (%) | 67 ± 20 | 60 ± 19 | 1.22 (1.10, 1.36) a | <0.001 |
| Average tidal volume/kg (ml/kg) postreperfusion | 6.4 ± 1.7 | 6.2 ± 1.9 | 1.53 (0.49, 4.74) a | 0.46 |
| Surgeon | 0.10 | |||
| A | 40 (33) | 117 (32) | Ref =1 | |
| B | 10 (8) | 42 (11) | 0.7 (0.32, 1.52) | |
| C | 21 (17) | 79 (21) | 0.78 (0.43, 1.42) | |
| D | 20 (16) | 75 (20) | 0.78 (0.42, 1.44) | |
| E | 32 (26) | 58 (16) | 1.61 (0.92, 2.83) | |
| Year of transplant | 0.82 (0.70, 0.96) | 0.014 | ||
| 2009 | 43 (35) | 97 (23) | ||
| 2010 | 28 (26) | 90 (27) | ||
| 2011 | 27 (25) | 73 (22) | ||
| 2012 | 13 (12) | 84 (25) | ||
| 2013 | 15 (14) | 44 (13) | ||
ASD - absolute standardized difference; COPD - chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CVP - central venous pressure; FiO2 - fraction of inspired oxygen; PaO2 - partial arterial pressure of oxygen; PAP - pulmonary artery pressure; PEEP - positive end expiratory pressure; OR - odds ratio
*
odds ratio (95% CI) and P values from the univariable logistic regression; odds ratio for a one-unit increase in the continuous predictors unless
a
10-unit and
b
1000-unit increases