Figure 3.

Cross-lagged path analysis models for the association of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) with small-artery elasticity (C₂R) in the total sample (n = 381), Bogalusa Heart Study, 2000–2010. Results were adjusted for race/ethnicity, age, sex, body mass index, heart rate, smoking, diabetes, and duration of follow-up. ρ₁, cross-lagged path coefficient from baseline C₂R to follow-up blood pressure (BP); ρ₂, cross-lagged path coefficient from baseline BP to follow-up C₂R. r₁ represents synchronous correlations; r₂ and r₃ represent tracking correlations. Variance of follow-up BP explained: R² = 0.36 (SBP) and R² = 0.33 (DBP); variance of follow-up C₂R explained: R² = 0.17 (SBP included) and R² = 0.19 (DBP included). For r₁, r₂, and r₃ being different from 0 for SBP and DBP, P < 0.01.