Fig. S3.

(A–E) GSL estimates under priors (A) ML_2,1, (B) ML_2,2, (C) ML_1,1, (D) Gr, and (E) NC. (F) GSL reconstruction under prior ML_2,1 (black) compared with the hindcast of ref. 20 (G09 hindcast; red), a curve derived from the North Carolina RSL curve by detrending and the addition of $\pm 10$ mm ($2\sigma$) errors after ref. 5 (NC pseudo-GSL; green), and the 19th–20th century GMSL reconstructions of ref. 12 (Hay2015; magenta) and ref. 106 (CW2011; yellow). Multicentury records are aligned relative to the 1600–1800 CE average; 19th–20th century reconstructions are aligned to match our GSL reconstruction in 2000 CE. Errors are $\pm 1\sigma$.