Table S1.

Size-independent model parameters

Parameter	Symbol	Value	Units
Nutrient uptake
Ammonium inhibition	$\mathrm{\Psi }$	4.6	(mmol N m−3)−1
Nutrient quotas
Minimum nitrogen:carbon quota	$Q_{\text{N}}^{\text{min}}$	5.0$\times {10}^{-2}$	mmol N (mmol C)−1
Maximum nitrogen:carbon quota	$Q_{\text{N}}^{\text{max}}$	1.7$\times {10}^{-1}$	mmol N (mmol C)−1
Minimum phosphate:carbon quota	$Q_{\text{P}}^{\text{min}}$	2.1$\times {10}^{-3}$	mmol P (mmol C)−1
Maximum phosphate:carbon quota	$Q_{\text{P}}^{\text{max}}$	1.1$\times {10}^{-2}$	mmol P (mmol C)−1
Minimum iron:carbon quota	$Q_{\text{Fe}}^{\text{min}}$	5.0$\times {10}^{-6}$	mmol Fe (mmol C)−1
Maximum iron:carbon quota	$Q_{\text{Fe}}^{\text{max}}$	2.0$\times {10}^{-5}$	mmol Fe (mmol C)−1
Temperature
Reference temperature	$T_{\text{ref}}$	20	$°\text{C}$
Temperature dependence	A	0.05	dimensionless
Photosynthesis
Maximum Chl a-to-nitrogen ratio	${\theta }_{\text{N}}^{\text{max}}$	3.0	mg Chl a (mmol N)−1
Initial slope of P-I curve	α	3.83$\times {10}^{-7}$	mmol C (mg Chl a)−1 (μEin m−2)−1
Cost of biosynthesis	ξ	2.33	mmol C (mmol N)−1
Grazing
Optimum predator:prey length ratio	${\vartheta }_{\text{opt}}$	10	dimensionless
Geometric SD of ϑ	${\sigma }_{\text{graz}}$	2.0	dimensionless
Total prey half-saturation	$k_{\text{C}}^{\text{prey}}$	5.0	mmol C m−3
Maximum assimilation efficiency	${\lambda }^{\text{max}}$	0.7	dimensionless
Grazing refuge parameter	$\mathrm{\Lambda }$	−1	dimensionless
Assimilation shape parameter	h	0.1	dimensionless
Mortality
Plankton mortality	m	0.05	d−1
Particulate organic matter
POM remineralization rate	$r_{\text{POM}}$	0.04	d−1
POM sinking rate	$w_{\text{POM}}$	10.0	m d−1
DOM
DOM remineralization rate	$r_{\text{DOM}}$	0.02	d−1
DOM sinking rate	$w_{\text{DOM}}$	0	m d−1