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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Mar 21.
Published in final edited form as: Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2011 Jul-Aug;54(1):29–35. doi: 10.1016/j.pcad.2011.02.007

Table 3.

Summary of current guidelines for screening patients with atherosclerotic RAS adapted from Hirsch et al: ACC/AHA 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with peripheral arterial disease.

Class I Class IIa Class IIb
Onset of hypertension before the age of 30 years. (Level of Evidence: B) Unexplained renal failure, including individuals starting renal replacement therapy(Level of Evidence: B) Multivessel coronary artery disease and no clinical clues or PAD at the time of arteriography. (Level of Evidence: B)
Severe hypertension after the age of 55 years. (Level of Evidence: B) Unexplained congestive heart failure or refractory angina (see Section 3.5.2.4 of the full-text guidelines). (Level of Evidence: C)

  1. Accelerated hypertension

  2. Resistant hypertension

  3. Malignant hyper-tension (Level of Evidence: C)
New azotemia or worsening renal function after the administration of an ACE inhibitor or an angiotensin receptor blocking agent. (Level of Evidence: B)
Atrophic kidney or a discrepancy in size between the 2 kidneys of greater than 1.5 cm. (Level of Evidence: B)
Sudden, unexplained pulmonary edema (especially in azotemic patients). (Level of Evidence: B)