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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Mar 21.
Published in final edited form as: Anim Behav. 2014 Aug 15;95:165–171. doi: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2014.07.010

Table 2.

Linear mixed model results for offspring antipredator behaviours in threespine sticklebacks

Squares moved Time freezing Jerky swims
F (df) P F (df) P F (df) P
Paternal treatment 4.22 (1, 50.9) 0.045 1.42 (1, 153) 0.24 0.78 (1, 12.86) 0.40
Stage 7.18 (2, 306) 0.0009 13.62 (2, 306) <0.0001 —
Sex 0.35 (1, 152.7) 0.55 0.35 (1, 153) 0.56 0.74 (1, 152.8) 0.39
Paternal treatment*sex 0.40 (1, 152.4) 0.53 0.20 (1, 153) 0.66 1.82 (1, 152.8) 0.18
Paternal treatment*stage 0.78 (2, 306) 0.46 0.63 (2, 306) 0.54 —
Stage*sex 1.08 (2, 306) 0.34 0.67 (2, 306) 0.51 —
Paternal treatment*stage*sex 1.28 (2, 306) 0.28 0.46 (2, 306) 0.63 —

LMMs were run on length-corrected residuals of behaviours.

Significant values are shown in bold.