Table 3.
Effects of antidiabetic drugs on the insulin:glucagon bipolar axis
| Antidiabetic drugs | Insulin | Glucagon | IGR | 
|---|---|---|---|
| Glimepiride | ↑ | No change | ↑ | 
| DPP4i | ↑ | ↓ | ↑ | 
| Liraglutide | ↑ | ↓/No change | No change/↑ | 
| Dulaglutide | ↑ | ↓ | ↑ | 
| Exenatide | ↑ | ↓ | ↑ | 
| Lixisenatide | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | 
| Dapagliflozin | ↑ | ↑ | ↓ | 
| Metformin | ↓ | No change | ↓ | 
| Pioglitazone | ↓ | – | ↓ | 
| Acarbose | ↓ | No change | ↓ |