Table 3.
Means and standard deviations for all outcome measures.
| Adaptive–Placebo | Placebo-Adaptive | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T0 | T1 | T2 | T0 | T1 | T2 | |
| SCREENING TESTS | ||||||
| Montreal Cognitive Assessment | 27.85 (1.77) | 27.15 (1.57) | ||||
| Raven (Raw Score) | 50.92 (6.51) | 51.27 (6.02) | ||||
| Speech Spatial Qualities: Speech | 8.21 (0.77) | 6.95 (1.24) | ||||
| Speech Spatial Qualities: Qualities | 8.79 (0.55) | 8.04 (0.89) | ||||
| NEAR-TRANSFER (WORKING MEMORY) TESTS | ||||||
| Spatial Working Memory (Between Errors) | 23.46 (15.59) | 20.46 (13.35) | 23.31 (13.79) | 22.62 (10.97) | 18.15 (13.67) | 21.82 (11.30) |
| Spatial Working Memory (Strategy) | 30.31 (7.47) | 30.38 (5.94) | 33.00 (5.34) | 32.23 (4.34) | 28.46 (5.17) | 32.27 (4.33) |
| Spatial Span (Forward) | 6.23 (1.17) | 6.85 (1.46) | 6.62 (1.12) | 5.69 (0.95) | 6.38 (1.33) | 6.64 (1.21) |
| Spatial Span (Reverse) | 5.62 (1.39) | 6.54 (1.20) | 6.69 (1.60) | 5.85 (0.90) | 5.70 (1.11) | 6.36 (1.43) |
| Letter-Number Sequencing (Raw Score) | 20.39 (2.14) | 21.23 (2.49) | 22.46 (2.93) | 20.31 (1.60) | 21.23 (2.49) | 21.00 (1.18) |
| Letter-Number Sequencing (Longest) | 6.00 (0.91) | 6.15 (1.14) | 6.62 (0.87) | 5.61 (0.87) | 5.85 (0.99) | 5.82 (0.60) |
| FAR-TRANSFER TESTS | ||||||
| Reading Span | 21.15 (3.29) | 24.65 (5.67) | 26.69 (6.28) | 21.84 (5.51) | 24.85 (6.20) | 23.10 (6.17) |
| Reading Span (Longest) | 1.62 (1.56) | 2.77 (1.30) | 2.69 (1.25) | 2.23 (1.59) | 2.69 (1.25) | 2.00 (1.61) |
| Fluency | 19.31 (3.97) | 22.00 (7.43) | 20.62 (4.27) | 16.54 (4.35) | 18.08 (3.75) | 22.73 (9.69) |
| Paired Associate Learning (Errors, Adj.) | 18.08 (16.98) | 14.92 (13.47) | 11.77 (8.45) | 16.54 (14.24) | 16.31 (11.24) | 16.18 (12.69) |
| Paired Associate Learning (Errors, 8 Shapes adj.) | 13.92 (13.09) | 11.15 (11.46) | 9.08 (6.06) | 12.00 (11.63) | 12.15 (10.38) | 10.64 (9.22) |
| Stop Signal Task (Direction Errors) | 5.54 (12.35) | 6.69 (10.03) | 5.00 (4.62) | 1.23 (1.96) | 2.54 (4.13) | 1.45 (1.86) |
| Stop Signal Task (Prop. Successful Stops) | 0.51 (0.08) | 0.51 (0.09) | 0.52 (0.10) | 0.56 (0.06) | 0.54 (0.99) | 0.55 (0.07) |
| Stop Signal Task (Median Correct, Go Trials) | 540.77 (133.89) | 503.85 (151.14) | 489.92 (166.21) | 568.04 (120.45) | 548.88 (124.47) | 537.41 (127.49) |
| Stop Signal Task (Stop Signal Delay) | 323.73 (185.57) | 284.24 (167.12) | 292.06 (180.18) | 351.58 (126.39) | 365.86 (150.60) | 372.84 (140.86) |
| Stop Signal Task (Reaction Time) | 217.03 (78.00) | 219.61 (58.69) | 197.87 (44.61) | 216.46 (55.57) | 183.02 (44.78) | 164.57 (33.75) |
| Reaction Time (Five-Choice Movement Time) | 381.67 (96.93) | 399.09 (89.58) | 345.79 (99.88) | 462.10 (123.27) | 385.50 (98.41) | 377.20 (89.79) |
| Reaction Time (Five-Choice Reaction Time) | 336.98 (53.97) | 334.08 (53.97) | 311.97 (42.79) | 350.85 (40.14) | 342.64 (45.41) | 309.78 (29.82) |
| Rapid Visual Processing (A′) | 0.92 (0.05) | 0.93 (0.03) | 0.93 (0.04) | 0.92 (0.06) | 0.93 (0.05) | 0.93 (0.06) |
| SPEECH TESTS | ||||||
| BUG % Accuracy (+3 dB SNR) | 38.07 (11.11) | 35.36 (9.87) | 35.90 (9.58) | 35.47 (11.71) | 36.35 (10.12) | 34.97 (10.09) |
| BUG % Accuracy (+6 dB SNR) | 42.87 (10.11) | 41.20 (9.05) | 41.99 (9.24) | 45.59 (9.76) | 44.93 (14.28) | 44.59 (12.72) |
| Low-Context Sentences (+3 dB SNR) | 42.62 (17.01) | 38.09 (15.41) | 42.39 (13.32) | 37.33 (17.28) | 38.26 (15.48) | 39.61 (13.45) |
| Low-Context Sentences (+6 dB SNR) | 64.25 (18.56) | 60.25 (15.83) | 66.46 (15.56) | 61.46 (16.46) | 57.56 (21.65) | 59.68 (20.02) |
| High-Context Sentences (+3 dB SNR) | 75.24 (11.26) | 65.64 (13.97) | 73.97 (16.71) | 70.16 (18.20) | 65.96 (23.65) | 68.13 (23.34) |
| High-Context Sentences (+6 dB SNR) | 87.23 (7.88) | 85.11 (13.09) | 88.90 (6.11) | 82.92 (15.45) | 85.82 (17.36) | 83.33 (15.75) |
Note that reaction times are provided in milliseconds and speech scores are presented as percentage of words correctly reported (context sentences) or selected (BUG).