Table 1.
Range of doses of grapes and their dried products (raisins, sultanas, and currants) reported to cause renal failure in dogs.
| Breed | Age (years) | Sex | Product | Dose | Time to onset of clinical signs (h) | Outcome | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Labrador Retriever (13 dogs) Golden Retriever (4 dogs) Others (26 dogs) |
Range: 0.6–13, median: 4 | Male (27 dogs) Female (16 dogs) |
Raisins (28 dogs) Grapes (13 dogs) Raisins and grapes (2 dogs) |
Raisinsa: range: 2.8–36.4 g/kg, median: 19.6 g/kg | <24 (35 dogs) 24–48 (8 dogs) |
Recovery (23 dogs) Died (5 dogs) Euthanized (15 dogs) |
(31) |
| Grapesb: range: 19.6–148.4 g/kg, median: 40.6 g/kg | |||||||
| Labrador Retriever | 3 | Male | Raisins | 3 g/kg | –c | Died or euthanized | (35) |
| Dachshund | 5 | Male | Grapes | 4–5 grapes in an 8.2-kg dog | – | Recovery | (32) |
| German Shepherd Dog cross | 4 | Male | Grapes | 4 g/kg | – | Died or euthanized | (35) |
| Norwegian Elkhound | 5 | Male | Raisins | 4.8 g/kg | – | Died | (32) |
| Labrador Retriever cross | 3.5 | Male | Grapes | 6 g/kg | – | Died or euthanized | (35) |
| American Pit Bull Terrier | 8.5 | Male | Raisins | 6 g/kg | – | Died or euthanized | (35) |
| Labrador Retriever | 3.5 | Male | Currants | 7.8 g/kg | 12 | Recovery | (36) |
| – | – | – | Grapes (5 dogs) | 11.6–31.2 g/kgd | Few hours | Recovery (5 dogs) | (33) |
| Raisins (5 dogs) | Died (2 dogs) | ||||||
| Euthanized (3 dogs) | |||||||
| Labrador Retriever | 6 | Female | Raisins | 15.7 g/kg | 8 | Died | (32) |
| Australian Shepherd Dog | 7 | Male | Raisins | 18 g/kg | – | Died or euthanized | (35) |
| Maltese | 2 | Female | Grape skins | 18.8 g/kg | 12 | Recovery | (37) |
| Galgo Espaniol | 1 | Female | Grapes and marc | 20 g/kg | 6–7 | Euthanized | (38) |
| Maltese | 3 | Male | Grapes | 20 g/kg | 5 | Died | (39) |
| Border Collie | 3.5 | Male | Raisins | 20.6 g/kg | 12 | Recovery | (32) |
| Basenji | 10 | Female | Raisins | 24 g/kg | – | Died or euthanized | (35) |
| Golden Retriever | 2 | Male | Raisins | 30 g/kg | – | Died or euthanized | (35) |
| Labrador Retriever | 7 | Male | Raisins | 30 g/kg | – | Died or euthanized | (35) |
| Maltese | 2 | Female | Grapes | 65.2 g/kg | 8 | Euthanized | (40) |
aData are limited to 24 dogs.
bData are limited to four dogs.
cUnknown or not provided.
dData are limited to four dogs.