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. 2016 Mar 22;7:328. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00328

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Copyright © 2016 Alvarez, Montesano, Schmelz and Ponce de León.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Validation of differentially expressed genes by RT-qPCR, and cinnamic acid accumulation in elicitor-treated tissues. (A) RT-qPCR analysis of selected genes at 2, 4, 8, and 24 h after elicitor-treatment. EF1α gene was used as the reference gene. The expression levels in CF-treated plants are relative to the corresponding level of expression in water-treated plants at the indicated time points. Results are reported as means ± standard deviation (SD) of three samples for each treatment. CS, chorismate synthase; CM, chorismate mutase; PAL, phenylalanine ammonia lyase; C4H, cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase; 4CL, 4 coumarate CoA ligase; CHS, chalcone synthase; CHI, chalcone isomerase; F3H, flavanone 3-hydroxylase; and CAD, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase. Asterisks indicate a statistically significant difference between the elicitor-treated and the water-treated plants (Students t-test, ^*P < 0.05; ^**P < 0.005). (B) Endogenous cinnamic acid levels [ng/g fresh weight (FW)] in water-treated and elicitor-treated tissues were analyzed at the indicated time points. Values are means and standard errors of three independent experiments. Statistical differences were evaluated according to one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett's test relative to control condition, ^**P < 0.001.