Table 3.
Costs and health care utilization characteristics of study individuals receiving social assistance versus non-recipients in Bern, Switzerland, year 2012
| Total | Social assistance recipients | Non-recipients | Difference (95% confidence interval) | pa) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 13 492 | 391 | 13,101 | ||
| proportion | 1.000 | .029 | .971 | ||
| Health care costs mean (CHF) | 2850.4 | 5596.1 | 2768.4 | 2827.7 (1729.9, 3925.5) | *** |
| Outpatient costs mean (CHF) | 2129.6 | 3527.5 | 2087.9 | 1439.7 (817.0, 2062.3) | *** |
| Inpatient costs mean (CHF) | 696.6 | 2,037.7 | 656.5 | 1381.1 (641.9, 2120.4) | *** |
| Medication costs mean (CHF) | 628.0 | 1,005.9 | 616.7 | 389.2 (74.2, 704.2) | * |
| GP visits mean (for persons with at least 1 visit) | 5.2 | 6.3 | 5.1 | 1.1 (0.3, 2.0) | ** |
| Proportion with values (%) | .470 | .596 | .466 | .130 | |
| Specialist visits mean (for persons with at least 1 visit) | 6.7 | 8.7 | 6.6 | 2.0 (0.5, 3.5) | ** |
| Proportion with values (%) | .487 | .529 | .486 | .043 | |
| LOS acute hospital mean (for persons with at least 1 stay) | 7.5 | 9.3 | 7.4 | 1.9 (1.34, 2.46) | *** |
| Proportion with values (%) | .089 | .128 | .077 | .051 | |
| LOS psychiatric hospital mean (for persons with at least 1 stay) | 69.8 | 70.8 | 69.3 | 1.5 (1.32, 4.32) | *** |
| Proportion with values (%) | .010 | .064 | .009 | .055 | |
| Different ATC-codes mean (for persons with at least 1 drug) | 6.8 | 9.1 | 6.7 | 2.4 (1.5, 3.4) | *** |
| Proportion with values (%) | .655 | .785 | .651 | .134 |
CHF indicates Swiss francs; GP, general practitioner; LOS, Length of stay; CC, Chronic Condition; ATC, Anatomical Therapeutic Classification.
*
P < 0.10,
**
P < 0.05,
***
P < 0.01.
a)
Significance level: Kruskal-Wallis-test was used to check for significant differences between the groups.