Table 1.
Parameters Overview of Experimental Groups: Atherosclerosis Study
|
Ldlr−/− |
Ldlr−/−Siglec-G−/− |
|
|---|---|---|
| (n = 16) | (n = 14) | |
|
Metabolic Parametersa | ||
| Weights (g) | 32.15 ± 0.53 | 31.2 ± 0.90 |
| TC (mg/dL) | 1,655.36 ± 70.24 | 1,633.65 ± 88.09 |
| TG (mg/dL) |
1,257.14 ± 55.37 |
1,284.38 ± 61.18 |
|
Atherosclerosis | ||
| en face (% of aorta) | 4.22 ± 0.25 | 2.22 ± 0.20∗∗∗ |
| Innominate (× 104 mm2) | 0.99 ± 0.17 | 0.43 ± 0.16∗ |
| Aortic origin (× 104 μm2/section) | 7.08 ± 0.88 | 8.69 ± 1.14 |
| Necrotic area (% of total lesion area) | 14.8 ± 4.0 | 4.65 ± 1.21∗ |
| mac-3+ (% of cellular area) |
65.83 ± 3.78 |
51.61 ± 2.53∗∗ |
|
Hepatic Inflammation | ||
| Liver cholesterol (μg TC/μg protein) | 0.19 ± 0.01 | 0.19 ± 0.02 |
| Liver TG (μg TG/μg protein) | 0.68 ± 0.04 | 0.62 ± 0.06 |
| Liver free fatty acids (μg FFA/μg protein) | 0.42 ± 0.02 | 0.37 ± 0.04 |
| ALT (U/l) | 72.9 ± 8.1 | 80.4 ± 6.6 |
| Mac-1 (# positive cells/mm2) | 150.04 ± 6.74 | 118.58 ± 6.14∗∗ |
| Ly6G (# positive cells/mm2) |
68.38 ± 2.61 |
55.91 ± 2.32∗∗ |
|
Serum Antibody Titers | ||
| Total IgM (mg/ml) | ||
| Baseline | 0.26 ± 0.05 | 1.15 ± 0.05∗∗∗ |
| 8 weeks HFD | 0.87 ± 0.06 | 1.36 ± 0.06∗∗∗ |
| MDA-LDL IgM (RLU/100 ms) | ||
| Baseline | 30,735 ± 1,534 | 54,680 ± 2,101∗∗∗ |
| 8 weeks HFD | 54,378 ± 2,196 | 80,773 ± 2,467∗∗∗ |
| CuOx-LDL IgM (RLU/100 ms) | ||
| Baseline | 3,767 ± 585 | 12,459 ± 1,894∗∗∗ |
| 8 weeks HFD | 19,549 ± 2,443 | 40,649 ± 2,698∗∗∗ |
| Total IgG (mg/ml) | ||
| Baseline | 0.24 ± 0.02 | 0.39 ± 0.07 |
| 8 weeks HFD | 0.72 ± 0.06 | 0.89 ± 0.07 |
| MDA-LDL IgG (RLU/100 ms) | ||
| Baseline | 14,879 ± 1,855 | 22,392 ± 2,383∗ |
| 8 weeks HFD | 20,646 ± 1,800 | 23,699 ±1,870 |
| CuOx-LDL IgG (RLU/100 ms) | ||
| Baseline | 1,473 ± 91 | 3,220 ± 525∗∗ |
| 8 weeks HFD |
3,267 ± 356 |
4,463 ± 449 |
|
Spleen (Absolute Numbers × 106) | ||
| T cells (CD3+) | 34.18 ± 2.30 | 37.97 ± 3.04 |
| B cells (B220+IgM+) | 33.14 ± 2.44 | 38.64 ± 4.25 |
| B-1 cells (B220+IgM+CD43+) | 2.63 ± 0.32 | 5.56 ± 0.73∗∗∗ |
| MZ B cells (B220+CD43−CD23−CD21hi) | 0.71 ± 0.11 | 0.54 ± 0.09 |
| T2/FO B cells (B220+CD43−CD23+CD21+) | 26.87 ± 2.26 | 34.0 ± 3.71 |
| T1 B cells (B220+CD43−CD23−CD21lo) | 1.96 ± 0.18 | 2.71 ± 0.36 |
| B220+CD43− CD23− CD21+ | 1.50 ± 0.15 | 1.84 ± 0.15 |
| IRA B cells (CD19+IgMhighCD43+CD5+CD138+CD93+MHCII+) |
0.09 ± 0.01 |
0.18 ± 0.03∗∗ |
|
Peritoneal Cavity (% Viable Cells) | ||
| B-1a cells (B220+CD11b+CD5+) out of B cells | 27.74 ± 1.59 | 37.78 ± 2.60∗∗ |
| B-1b cells (B220+CD11b+CD5−) out of B cells | 15.57 ± 1.46 | 12.39 ± 1.41 |
| B2 cells (B220+CD11b−CD5−) out of B cells | 35.29 ± 1.84 | 33.2 ± 1.84 |
| T cells (B220−CD5+) out of total | 8.99 ± 1.10 | 9.42 ± 0.86 |
See also Figure S5.
a
Data are shown as mean ± SEM (∗ p ≤ 0.05, ∗∗ p ≤ 0.01, and ∗∗∗ p ≤ 0.001).