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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: JAMA Intern Med. 2016 Mar 1;176(3):372–379. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2015.7664

Table 2.

Caregiving Circumstances and the Nature of Assistance Provided

Help With Health Care Activities
Substantial Help Some Help No Help



Caregiving Circumstance % [Reference] % P Value % P Value
Hours of care per week, mean (SE) 28.1 (1.5) 15.1 (1.3) <.001 8.3 (0.7) <.001

Travel time to older adults' residence

 Coreside 61.1 49.4 <.01 37.6 <.001


 ≤10 min 21.4 22.0 27.8


 11–30 min 15.6 25.7 30.8


 ≥31 min 1.9 2.9 3.8

Duration of caregiving, y

 <1 5.4 7.0 .22 11.0 .02


 1–4 44.1 48.1 38.0


 >4 50.4 44.9 50.9

Nature of Assistance Provided

Disability-related activity

 Shopping 96.3 89.3 <.001 82.3 <.001

 Transportation 92.4 86.2 <.001 80.4 <.001

 Housework 95.6 82.0 <.001 72.1 <.001

 Mobility 80.6 69.0 <.001 60.6 <.001

 Banking 78.1 55.7 <.001 30.2 <.001

 Self-care 70.4 43.0 <.001 31.2 <.001

Health system logistics

 Make appointments 90.8 53.1 <.001 14.8 <.001

 Order medicines 83.6 36.7 <.001 16.6 <.001

 Handle insurance issues 38.0 21.5 <.001 7.3 <.001

Health management

 Diet 45.1 24.1 <.001 15.2 <.001

 Foot care 44.1 23.9 <.001 14.1 <.001

 Skin care 38.8 23.1 <.001 7.9 <.001

 Exercise 33.0 19.6 <.001 10.1 <.001

 Dental care 28.2 9.2 <.001 3.6 <.001