Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Mar 22.
Published in final edited form as: Circ Heart Fail. 2015 Jan;8(1):209–220. doi: 10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.113.001420

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Possible mechanisms of exercise intolerance in HF as related to gender. Areas that have been associated with women are in bold. The modifiers of the responses are in red in italics. Thus, age may have a more profound effect on the exercise intolerance of women with HF as well as the level of fitness prior to disease onset. Estrogen as a modifier has been poorly studied in HF.