Table 2.

Functions of proteins encoded by metabolic and growth factor (MTB/GF) genes selected for expression analysis and studies for associations with oncogenes.

1. ACLY, ATP citrate lyase	Cleaves citric acid, synthesizes acetyl CoA
2. CA3, Carbonic anhydrase III	Interconversions of CO2/HCO3− in cytoplasm
3. CA12, Carbonic anhydrase XII	Interconversions of CO2/HCO3− at cell surface
4. ENO1, Enolase 1*	Catalyzes ninth of ten steps in glycolysis
5. GYS1, Glycogen synthase 1	Synthesis of glycogen from simpler carbohydrates
6. HIF1A, Hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit	Transcription factor, upregulates genes in hypoxia
7. LDHA, Lactate Dehydrogenase A	Interconversion of lactic acid and pyruvate
8. LDHC, Lactate Dehydrogenase Cǂ	Interconversion of lactic acid and pyruvate
9. SLC16A3, Solute carrier family 16 (monocarboxylic acid transporter), member 3. See protein name	Transports lactic acid and pyruvate across membranes, protein called monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4)
10. SLC16A4, Solute carrier family 16 (monocarboxylic acid transporter), member 4. See protein name	Transports lactic acid and pyruvate across membranes, proteincalled monocarboxylate transporter 5 (MCT5)
11. EGF, Epidermal Growth Factor	Differentiation, etc.
12. PDGFA,Platelet-derived growth factor, alpha polypeptide	Mesenchymal cell mitogenesis, etc.
13. ACTB, Actin B	Structural, Housekeeping gene (HKG) for RT-qPCR
14. GAPDH, Glyceraldehyde-3- phosphate dehydrogenase	Glycolysis, Housekeeping gene (HKG) for RT-qPCR

^⁎ENO1 was used to transform the expression levels of the other MTB/GF genes.

^ǂLDHC gene expression was originally thought to be limited to testes but has been found in various types of malignancy.