Table 1.
Patient Characteristics According to Sex and Study Year
| Characteristic | Men, %a | P for Trends | Women, %a | P for Trends | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2001 (n=1364) | 2006 (n=2541) | 2011 (n=4507) | 2001 (n=569) | 2006 (n=1040) | 2011 (n=1965) | |||
| Demographic | ||||||||
| Age, yb | 63 (53, 70) | 64 (54, 73) | 63 (53, 73) | 0.476 | 68 (62, 74) | 71 (65, 76) | 72 (64, 78) | <0.0001 |
| Cardiovascular risk factors | ||||||||
| Hypertension | 38.8 | 45.9 | 47.3 | <0.0001 | 47.8 | 53.4 | 60.6 | <0.0001 |
| Diabetes | 11 | 15.4 | 18.3 | <0.0001 | 21.1 | 25.8 | 26.9 | 0.010 |
| Current smoker | 38.7 | 41.3 | 48 | <0.0001 | 6 | 9 | 11.9 | <0.0001 |
| Medical history | ||||||||
| Coronary heart disease | 22.6 | 19.1 | 20.5 | 0.355 | 26.2 | 22.2 | 21.8 | 0.054 |
| Myocardial infarction | 10.3 | 9.7 | 11.6 | 0.058 | 9.5 | 8.8 | 9.3 | 0.970 |
| PCI | 0.4 | 0.9 | 2.7 | <0.0001 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 1.5 | 0.138 |
| Stroke | 9.2 | 10.3 | 11.5 | 0.010 | 10 | 11.7 | 13.9 | 0.070 |
| Symptom onset to admission, hour | ||||||||
| <6 | 42.2 | 40.9 | 41.3 | 0.467 | 30.9 | 34.1 | 36.9 | 0.003 |
| 6 to 12 hours | 8.9 | 9.6 | 10.5 | 0.027 | 10.7 | 12.5 | 11.3 | 0.921 |
| >12 hours | 48.9 | 49.5 | 48.1 | 0.430 | 58.3 | 53.4 | 51.7 | 0.008 |
| Clinical characteristics | ||||||||
| Chest discomfort | 93.1 | 93.2 | 93.4 | 0.652 | 91.2 | 89.7 | 89.3 | 0.219 |
| Cardiogenic shock | 3.4 | 5.5 | 6 | 0.0005 | 6.2 | 7.6 | 7.9 | 0.205 |
| Cardiac arrest | 0.9 | 1.3 | 1.5 | 0.078 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 0.335 |
| Acute stroke | 0.7 | 1.5 | 1 | 0.930 | 1.1 | 2.6 | 1.1 | 0.318 |
| Heart rate ≥100 bpmb | 15.7 | 14.8 | 11.6 | <0.0001 | 20.2 | 22.0 | 18.4 | 0.098 |
| SBP ≥140 mm Hgb | 31.3 | 31.4 | 32.6 | 0.256 | 37.3 | 39.3 | 39.7 | 0.326 |
| LDL‐C level | ||||||||
| <130 | 35.2 | 55.8 | 67.6 | <0.0001 | 25.8 | 50.1 | 59.3 | <0.0001 |
| ≥130 | 11.7 | 15.4 | 18.2 | <0.0001 | 12.8 | 18.5 | 22.4 | <0.0001 |
| Unrecorded | 53.2 | 28.7 | 14.2 | <0.0001 | 61.3 | 31.4 | 18.3 | <0.0001 |
| eGFR, mL/min per 1.73 m2 b | 75.5 (60.0, 94.6) | 77.9 (61.7, 97.9) | 88.1 (68.9, 109.8) | <0.0001 | 63.7 (49.1, 81.9) | 66.4 (48.2, 84.2) | 76.1 (55.7, 100.1) | <0.0001 |
| Hospital characteristics | ||||||||
| Teaching hospital | 85 | 80.6 | 80.1 | 0.0001 | 83.5 | 79.7 | 77.8 | 0.003 |
| PCI‐capable hospital | 32.8 | 55.1 | 72.9 | <0.0001 | 34.3 | 52.6 | 69 | <0.0001 |
| Hospital with CCU | 81.1 | 76.3 | 79.4 | 0.952 | 78.6 | 77.4 | 78.6 | 0.791 |
| Economic–geographic region | ||||||||
| Central | 19.5 | 21 | 23.2 | <0.0001 | 16.9 | 17.9 | 22 | <0.0001 |
| Eastern | 65.7 | 58.4 | 54.7 | <0.0001 | 71.5 | 63.3 | 59.3 | <0.0001 |
| Western | 14.8 | 20.6 | 22.1 | <0.0001 | 11.6 | 18.8 | 18.7 | <0.0001 |
| Urban/rural | ||||||||
| Urban | 63.9 | 60.6 | 63.4 | 0.586 | 64 | 60.9 | 57.9 | 0.006 |
| Rural | 36.1 | 39.4 | 36.6 | 36 | 39.1 | 42.1 | ||
CCU indicates cardiac care unit; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; LDL‐C, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; SBP, systolic blood pressure.
a
Unless otherwise indicated.
b
Continuous variables displayed as median values with interquartile range.