Table 2.

Cross‐Sectional Correlates of GGT

	Pearson Correlation r (95% CI)a	Percentage Difference (95% CI) in GGT Levels Per 1 SD Higher or Compared With Reference Category of Correlateb
Loge GGT, U/L	—	—
Questionnaire/prevalent conditions
Age at survey, y	−0.03 (−0.08 to 0.02)	−2% (−5 to 1)
Alcohol consumption, g/week	0.27 (0.23–0.31)***	19% (15–22)***
History of diabetes
No	—	Ref
Yes	—	47% (28–69)***
Smoking status
Other	—	Ref
Current	—	11% (4–18)**
Left ventricular hypertrophy
No	—	Ref
Yes	—	−4% (−28 to 28)
History of hypertension
No	—	Ref
Yes	—	27% (20–36)***
History of CHD
No	—	Ref
Yes	—	17% (9–25)***
Use of antihypertensives
No	—	Ref
Yes	—	24% (15–34)***
Medication for dyslipidemia
No	—	Ref
Yes	—	25% (−14 to 81)
Physical measurements
BMI, kg/m2	0.34 (0.30–0.38)***	24% (21–27)***
SBP, mm Hg	0.21 (0.17–0.26)***	14% (11–18)***
DBP, mm Hg
Resting heart rate, bpm	0.14 (0.10–0.19)***	9% (6–13)***
Lipid markers
Total cholesterol, mmol/L	0.10 (0.05–0.14)***	6% (3–9)***
HDL‐C, mmol/L	−0.04 (−0.09 to 0.01)	−2% (−5 to 0)
Loge triglycerides, mmol/L	0.26 (0.21–0.30)***	18% (14–21)***
Metabolic and inflammatory markers
Fasting plasma glucose, mmol/L	0.21 (0.16–0.25)***	14% (11–17)***
Serum creatinine, μmol/L	0.00 (−0.04 to 0.05)	0% (−3 to 3)
Loge CRP, mg/L	0.27 (0.22–0.31)***	18% (15–21)***

BMI indicates body mass index; CHD, coronary heart disease; CRP, C‐reactive protein; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HDL‐C, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; GGT, γ‐glutamyltransferase; Ref, reference.

Asterisks indicate the level of statistical significance: **P<0.01; ***P<0.001.

^aPearson correlation coefficients between log_e GGT and the row variables.

^bPercentage change in GGT levels per 1‐SD increase in the row variable (or for categorical variables, the percentage difference in mean GGT levels for the category vs the reference) adjusted for age.