Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Black Versus White Patients With Pacemakers
| Characteristica | Blackb (n=10 393) | White (n=91 380) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD), y | 72.8 (13.3) | 76.6 (12.0) | <0.001 |
| Female | 5891 (56.7) | 41 367 (45.3) | <0.001 |
| Payment sourcec | <0.001 | ||
| Medicare | 7666 (73.8) | 75 005 (82.1) | |
| Medicaid | 790 (7.6) | 1754 (1.9) | |
| Private | 1416 (13.6) | 12 469 (13.7) | |
| Self‐pay | 238 (2.3) | 783 (0.9) | |
| Other | 281 (2.7) | 1368 (1.5) | |
| Primary diagnosis at device implantationd | <0.001 | ||
| Sinoatrial node dysfunction | 3360 (32.3) | 32 268 (35.3) | |
| Unspecified conduction disorder | 2084 (20.1) | 20 105 (22.0) | |
| Other specified cardiac dysrhythmia | 871 (8.4) | 6365 (7.0) | |
| Other second degree atrioventricular block | 694 (6.7) | 5861 (6.4) | |
| Mobitz type II atrioventricular block | 435 (4.2) | 3060 (3.4) | |
| Hypertension | 8804 (84.7) | 65 888 (72.1) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes | 4222 (40.6) | 23 916 (26.2) | <0.001 |
| Coronary heart disease | 3684 (35.5) | 38 639 (42.3) | <0.001 |
| Congestive heart failure | 2324 (22.4) | 15 628 (17.1) | <0.001 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 775 (7.5) | 7666 (8.4) | 0.001 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 945 (9.1) | 11 463 (12.5) | <0.001 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 2011 (19.4) | 10 256 (11.2) | <0.001 |
| Prior transient ischemic attack | 113 (1.1) | 812 (0.9) | 0.04 |
| Prior ischemic stroke | 242 (2.3) | 1190 (1.3) | <0.001 |
| CHA2DS2‐VASc score, mean (SD) | 3.5 (1.4) | 3.2 (1.4) | <0.001 |
a
Data are presented as number (%) unless otherwise specified.
b
Race was self‐reported by patients or their surrogates.
c
Numbers do not sum to group totals because of missing payment‐source data for <0.01% of patients.
d
Due to the large number of individual diagnoses, only the 5 most common diagnoses (representing >70% of cases) are listed.