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. 2016 Feb 22;5(2):e002757. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.115.002757

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Ameroid constrictors (ACs) induce intimal thickening and luminal stenosis in bilateral common carotid arteries (CCAs). A, An image showing surgical implantation of the ACs on the bilateral CCAs. B, Representative images of ACs at indicated time points showing that a central hole (lumen) gradually narrows. Lower graph shows temporal change of inner diameter of ACs (n=2). C, Representative images of the preoperative (left) and postoperative (right) transverse sections of CCA stained with hematoxylin–eosin. D, Representative images of the preoperative (left) and postoperative (right) transverse sections of CCA stained with elastica van Gieson (EVG), Masson trichrome (MT), α–smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA), and ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1) stains. Gradual CCA stenosis (GCAS) surgery induced substantial intimal thickening at 32 days after surgery, although the tunica intima of preoperative CCAs was thin. Arrowheads indicate internal elastic lamina, and arrows external elastic lamina. Scale bars indicate 50 μm (C) and 20 μm (D). E, Histogram showing intimal thickness of CCAs before and after GCAS (n=3). *P<0.01.