Table 6.

Survival Analysis Using Bleeding as the Outcome, Hazard Ratios, and 95% CIs

Time Not Taking OAC	All Major Bleeding	Gastrointestinal Bleeding	Intracranial Hemorrhage
CHA2DS2‐VASc score 0 or 1
<1 wk	Ref	Ref	Ref
1 wk to 1 mo	0.93 (0.48–1.79)	1.13 (0.53–2.44)	0.33 (0.04–2.78)
1–3 mo	0.59 (0.29–1.22)	0.48 (0.18–1.28)	0.25 (0.03–2.15)
3–6 mo	0.29c (0.10–0.84)	0.36 (0.11–1.21)	0.23c (0.05–0.96)
≥6 mo	0.46c (0.25–0.86)	0.46c (0.21–1.00)	NAb
CHA2DS2‐VASc score 2 or 3
<1 wk	Ref	Ref	Ref
1 wk to 1 mo	1.04 (0.80–1.35)	1.03 (0.74–1.43)	0.99 (0.50–1.96)
1–3 mo	1.07 (0.83–1.38)	1.14 (0.83–1.55)	1.05 (0.55–2.02)
3–6 mo	0.87 (0.64–1.18)	0.79 (0.53–1.17)	1.17 (0.59–2.33)
≥6 mo	0.68a (0.52–0.90)	0.64c (0.45–0.92)	0.90 (0.48–1.69)
CHA2DS2‐VASc ≥4
<1 wk	Ref	Ref	Ref
1 wk to 1 mo	1.11 (0.98–1.26)	1.04 (0.89–1.21)	1.31 (0.94–1.82)
1–3 mo	0.90 (0.78–1.04)	0.84d (0.71–1.00)	1.23 (0.87–1.74)
3–6 mo	0.94 (0.80–1.10)	0.91 (0.76–1.11)	1.20 (0.82–1.76)
≥6 mo	0.79d (0.67– 0.93)	0.75d (0.61–0.91)	1.06 (0.72–1.56)

OAC, oral anticoagulant; CHA ₂ DS ₂‐VASc, risk based on the presence of congestive heart failure, hypertension, age 65–74 y, age ≥75 y, diabetes mellitus, prior stroke or transient ischemic attack, vascular disease, sex category.

^aAge, sex, race, annual household income, residence region, HAS‐BLED, risk stratification scheme to estimate baseline risk of major hemorrhage based on the presence of hypertension, abnormal renal function, abnormal liver function, stroke, bleeding history or predisposition, > 65 years, antiplatelet or nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug use and alcoholism, Charlson‐Deyo comorbidity index, index medication, and switch to non‐index medication were adjusted.

^bBecause of the small number of events, for intracranial hemorrhage, the 3–6 mo and ≥6 mo categories were combined.

^c P<0.05.

^d P<0.01.