Table 3.
Included studies interventions
| Citation and conditiona | Intervention and control | Length of each treatment session (mins) | Frequency | Duration |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bell and Thompson [18] Golfing Yips | Intervention: SFGI protocol Control: None |
20–30 | 2x weekly | Unclear duration noted as a number of rounds of golf with follow-up |
| Bell et al. [21] Golfing Yips | Intervention: SFGI protocol Control: None |
20 | 2x weekly | Unclear duration noted as a number of rounds of golf with follow-up |
| Bell et al. [22] Golfing Yips | Intervention: SFGI protocol Control: None |
15 | 2x weekly (unclear) | Unclear duration noted as a number of rounds of golf with follow-up |
| Boyce et al. [23] Cervical dystonia (neck dystonia) | Intervention: Exercise plus relaxation Control: Relaxation only | 30 (approx.) | 4x weekly for the first 4 weeks and then 8x ‘fortnightly for the following eight weeks’ | 8 sessions over 12 weeks |
| Cottraux et al. [25] Writer’s cramp (hand dystonia) | Intervention: Multimodal behaviour therapy package with or without EMG feedback Control: None |
20 (EMG feedback) | 2x daily (without EMG feedback), Unspecified for EMG feedback |
Average total = 14.7 sessions (time period unspecified) |
| Faircloth and Reid [24] Cervical dystonia (neck dystonia) | Intervention: Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) approach adapting negative thoughts and beliefs into more productive thinking styles Control: None |
Unspecified | Unspecified | ‘9 sessions lasting 10.5 h’ |
| Greenberg [26] Writer’s cramp (hand dystonia) | Intervention: Habit reversal with awareness training, re-education and in vivo exposure. (included encouragement from family to practice) Control: None |
Unclear (for one participant 1 h is reported) | Unspecified | Average total = 4 sessions over 5.5 h |
| Sharpe [28] Blepharospasm (eye dystonia) | Intervention: ‘Flexible behavioural therapy approach Control: None |
60 | Unspecified | Approx. 17 h over 14 weeks (1 week included in-patient treatment) |
| Wieck et al. [27] Writer’s cramp (hand dystonia) | Intervention: Habit reversal (plus homework practice) Control: Relaxation |
90 | 5x monthly | 1 month |
EMG electromyography, SFGI solution focused guided imagery
a The identified studies examined different forms of the MDS idiopathic adult onset focal dystonia category