Table 1.
All N = 273 |
Insulin pump n = 181 |
Multiple daily injections
n = 92 |
P * | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years), mean ± sd (range) | 13.3 ± 2.9 (8.1–18.2) | 13.2 ± 2.8 (8.1–18.2) | 13.7 ± 3.0 (8.2–18.0) | 0.2 |
Sex (female), % | 49 | 48 | 50 | 0.8 |
BMI (z-score), mean ± sd (range) | 0.7 ± 0.8 (−2.0 to 2.4) | 0.7 ± 0.8 (−2.0 to 2.4) | 0.7 ± 0.8 (−1.7 to 2.3) | 0.7 |
Race (white), % | 90 | 95 | 80 | 0.0001 |
Parent education level, % | 0.005 | |||
High school or lower | 10 | 9 | 15 | |
College | 69 | 66 | 72 | |
Graduate school | 21 | 25 | 13 | |
Insurance (private), % | 88 | 94 | 77 | 0.0002 |
Family structure (two-parent), % | 84 | 89 | 72 | 0.0003 |
Diabetes duration (years), mean ± sd (range) | 6.5 ± 3.4 (1.0–15.5) | 6.6 ± 3.2 (1.3–14.9) | 6.3 ± 3.6 (1.0–15.5) | 0.4 |
HbA1c (mmol/mol), mean ± sd (range) | 71 ± 15 (42–140) | 67 ± 11 (42–107) | 78 ± 19 (49–140) | <0.0001 |
HbA1c (%), mean ± sd (range) | 8.6 ± 1.4 (6.0–15.0) | 8.3 ± 1.0 (6.0–11.9) | 9.3 ± 1.7 (6.6–15.0) | <0.0001 |
Blood glucose monitoring (checks/day),
mean ± sd (range) |
5.3 ± 2.2 (0–10) | 5.8 ± 2.1 (0–10) | 4.4 ± 2.1 (0–10) | <0.0001 |
Insulin dose (units/kg/day), mean ± sd (range) | 0.9 ± 0.3 (0.5–2.8) | 0.9 ± 0.2 (0.5–1.7) | 1.0 ± 0.3 (0.5–2.8) | <0.0001 |
DMQ score: child, mean ± sd (range) | 70.6 ± 12.9 (32.5–100.0) | 72.2 ± 12.1 (41.3–100.0) | 67.6 ± 13.9 (32.5–92.5) | 0.006 |
DMQ score: parent, mean ± sd (range) | 74.1 ± 13.4 (16.3–98.8) | 75.9 ± 11.8 (37.5–97.5) | 70.5 ± 15.5 (16.3–98.8) | 0.004 |
DMQ, Diabetes Management Questionnaire.
Differences between children with diabetes using pump vs. those on an injection-based insulin regimen.