Table 2.
Summary of cpDNA-based divergence time estimation results under a Bayesian approach using (a) a Yule speciation prior for the major clades of Ranunculales (see Fig. 4a) and (b) a coalescent prior for the crown group age of Euptelea and its phylogroups (Fig. 4b) as implemented in beast
| Node | Type | Calibration age (95 % HPD) | Age | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (a) Yule prior | ||||
| Node 1* (the stem age of Sabiaceae) | Fossil fruit | 98.44–100.3 | 98 | Knobloch & Mai (1986) [73] |
| Node 2* (the crown age of Proteales) | Fossil leaves | 98.44–100.3 | 98 | Crane et al. (1993) [74] |
| Node 3* (the stem age of Menispermeaceae) | Fossil fruit | 91.44–93.28 | 91 | Knobloch & Mai (1986) [73] |
| Node 4* (Ranzania/Mahonia) | Fossil leaves | 45.44–47.28 | 45 | Manchester (1999) [5] |
| Node A (crown age of Euptelea) | 5.46 (1.23–10.87) | |||
| (b) Coalescent prior | ||||
| Node B* (crown age of Euptelea) | 6.04 (2.89–9.36) | |||
| Node C (crown age of E. pleiosperma) | 3.64 (1.38–6.46) | |||
| Node C1 (crown age of C1 phylogroup) | 1.66 (0.47–3.31) | |||
| Node C2 (crown age of C2 phylogroup) | 1.66 (0.42–3.50) | |||
| Node C3 (crown age of C3 phylogroup) | 1.15 (0.17–2.68) | |||
| Node C4 (crown age of C4 phylogroup) | 1.73 (0.48–3.47) | |||
| Node D (crown age of E. polyandra) | 3.20 (1.34–5.56) | |||
| Node J1 (crown age of J1 phylogroup) | 1.50 (0.36–3.07) | |||
| Node J2 (crown age of J2 phylogroup) | 2.31 (0.88–4.13) | |||
Estimates are given as mean ages (in millions of years) with 95 % HPD in parentheses. See methods for explanation of fossil calibration and model selection. Node numbers correspond to those in Fig. 4
*Calibration points