Table 2.

Multiple-bias analysis results for Study A: proportion of maternal deaths due to unsafe abortion adjusted for selection bias, misclassification, and random error, after 50,000 simulation trials per scenario

Bias model	Scenario (probability distribution/s)	Median	2.5, 97.5 percentiles	Ratio of limits
None (reported)	NA	0.206	0.206, 0.206	1.00
None (conventional, with estimate of precision)	NA	0.206	0.196, 0.316	1.61
Adjusted for misclassification only, no random error	1 (W1&W2 narrow)	0.369	0.248, 0.523	2.11
	2 (W1&W2 medium)	0.368	0.245, 0.530	2.16
	3 (W1&W2 wide)	0.372	0.242, 0.550	2.27
Adjusted for misclassification and selection bias, no random error	4 (W1&W2 narrow, W3&W4 narrow)	0.305	0.209, 0.431	2.06
	5 (W1&W2 narrow, W3&W4 medium)	0.308	0.210, 0.438	2.08
	6 (W1&W2 narrow, W3&W4 wide)	0.302	0.206, 0.432	2.10
	7 (W1&W2 medium, W3&W4 narrow)	0.305	0.207, 0.437	2.11
	8 (W1&W2 medium, W3&W4 medium)	0.306	0.207, 0.443	2.14
	9 (W1&W2 medium, W3&W4 wide)	0.302	0.204, 0.437	2.11
	10 (W1&W2 wide, W3&W4 narrow)	0.308	0.206, 0.452	2.19
	11 (W1&W2 wide, W3&W4 medium)	0.310	0.206, 0.458	2.22
	12 (W1&W2 wide, W3&W4 wide)	0.305	0.203, 0.452	1.96
Adjusted for misclassification and selection bias, random error included	13 (W1&W2 narrow, W3&W4 narrow)	0.307	0.175, 0.462	2.64
	14 (W1&W2 narrow, W3&W4 medium)	0.310	0.176, 0.469	2.66
	15 (W1&W2 narrow, W3&W4 wide)	0.304	0.173, 0.461	2.66
	16 (W1&W2 medium, W3&W4 narrow)	0.307	0.174, 0.467	2.68
	17 (W1&W2 medium, W3&W4 medium)	0.309	0.173, 0.473	2.78
	18 (W1&W2 medium, W3&W4 wide)	0.304	0.170, 0.466	2.74
	19 (W1&W2 wide, W3&W4 narrow)	0.311	0.173, 0.480	2.77
	20 (W1&W2 wide, W3&W4 medium)	0.313	0.172, 0.485	2.81
	21 (W1&W2 wide, W3&W4 wide)	0.308	0.169, 0.480	2.84

W₁: Selection probability for abortion-related deaths

W₂: Selection probability for non-abortion-related deaths

W₃: Sensitivity of cause of death classification

W₄: Specificity of cause of death classification