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. 2016 Mar 22;3:9. doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2016.00009

Table 1.

Solved type II toxin-antitoxin structures grouped according to the DNA-binding domain of the antitoxins.

DNA-binding domain Antitoxin Toxin Host organism Toxin-antitoxin complex stoichiometries References
HTH HipB HipA Escherichia coli HipB2HipA2 Schumacher et al., 2009
HipBSO HipASO Shewanella oneidensis (HipBSO)2(HipASO)2 Wen et al., 2014
MqsA MqsR E. coli MqsR-MqsA2-MqsR Brown et al., 2009, 2011
HigA HigB E. coli unknowna Arbing et al., 2010
HigA HigB Proteus vulgaris HigA2HigB2 Schureck et al., 2014
HigA2 HigB2 Vibrio cholerae Unknown Hadži et al., 2013
PezA PezT Streptococcus pneumoniae PezA2PezT2 Khoo et al., 2007
RHH RelB RelE E. coli RelB2RelE2 Bøggild et al., 2012
RelB RelE Methanococcus jannaschii RelB2RelE2 Francuski and Saenger, 2009
DinJ YafQ E. coli DinJ2YafQ2 Liang et al., 2014; Ruangprasert et al., 2014
ParD ParE E. coli plasmid RK2 ParD2b Oberer et al., 2007
ParD1 ParE1 Caulobacter crescentus (ParD1)2(ParE1)2 Dalton and Crosson, 2010
CcdA CcdB E. coli F plasmid (CcdA37−72)(CcdB)2 (CcdA37−72)2(CcdB)2 Madl et al., 2006; De Jonge et al., 2009
HicB3 HicA3 Yersinia pestis (HicB3)4(HicA3)2 Bibi-Triki et al., 2014
FitA FitB Neisseria gonorrhoeae (FitA-FitB)4 Mattison et al., 2006
VapB3 VapC3 Mycobacterium tuberculosis (VapB3)2(VapC3)2 Min et al., 2012
VapB5c VapC5 M. tuberculosis (VapB553−86)(VapC5) Miallau et al., 2009
VapB30 VapC30 M. tuberculosis (VapB30)2(VapC30)2 Lee et al., 2015
ω (regulator for ε-ζ, not antitoxin) Streptococcus pyogenes pSM19035 tripartite TA system ω-ε-ζ ε2ζ2 for the TA complex; ω2 for the regulator protein Murayama et al., 2001; Meinhart et al., 2003
SpoVT/AbrB MazE MazF E. coli MazF2-MazE2-MazF2 Kamada et al., 2003; Loris et al., 2003; Zorzini et al., 2015
VapB2 VapC2 Rickettsia felis (VapC2)4(VapB2)2 (VapC2)4(VapC2)4 Maté et al., 2012
VapB VapC Shigella flexneri VapB4VapC4 Dienemann et al., 2011
Phd/YefMe Phd Doc E. coli phage P1 Doc-Phd2-Doc Arbing et al., 2010; Garcia-Pino et al., 2010
YefM YoeB E. coli YefM2YoeB Kamada and Hanaoka, 2005
YefM YoeB M. tuberculosis unknownd Kumar et al., 2008
Unknownf aRelB aRelE Pyrococcus horikoshii OT3 (aRelB)2(aRelE)2 Takagi et al., 2005
Unknowng VapB15 VapC15 M. tuberculosis (VapB15)2(VapC15)2 (VapB15)(VapC15)2 Das et al., 2014
a

Structure was only available for the HigA antitoxin (Arbing et al., 2010).

b

Structure only solved for ParD in solution by NMR (Oberer et al., 2007).

c

N-terminal region of VapB5 could not be modeled but predicted to be RHH motif (Miallau et al., 2009).

d

TA complex possibly YefM2YoeB; only YefM was crystalized (Kumar et al., 2008).

e

YefM was found to share structural similarity with the Phd antitoxin with strong conservation of the N-terminal DNA-binding domain, which are thus classified as having a Phd/YefM-like fold (Arbing et al., 2010).

f

DNA-binding domain unclear, potentially leucine zipper dimerization with N-terminal basic residues used for DNA recognition (Takagi et al., 2005).

g

N-terminal residues of VapB15 could not be modeled into the electron density (Das et al., 2014).