Table 1.

Participant and Scenario Types

Type of Decision Maker	Participant Population	Scenario
Patient	Patients with severe or very severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease* attending an outpatient appointment at the Penn Lung Center or Penn primary care clinics	Patient with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease completing an advance directive deciding between intubation with mechanical ventilation or palliative care in the event of respiratory failure
Patient	Patients meeting United States Preventive Services Task Force preliminary guidelines for low-dose computed tomography screening† attending an outpatient appointment at the Penn Lung Center or Penn primary care clinics	Patient with incidentally found pulmonary nodule deciding between immediate diagnostic biopsy or radiographic surveillance
Surrogate	Surrogate of patient with advanced lung cancer‡ attending an outpatient appointment at the Penn Infusion Center	Surrogate of patient with advanced lung cancer experiencing an acute illness in the emergency department deciding between admission to the intensive care unit or palliative care

^*FEV₁ <50% predicted or chronic oxygen dependence.

^†Age 55–74 years of age, >30 pack-year tobacco history, quit tobacco (if applicable) <15 years ago.

^‡Stage IIIb or IV non–small cell lung cancer.