Table 3.
Child Early Health Shocks and Parental Investment in Health
| Dependent variable: Health investment in child i (log) |
Health investment in child j (log) |
Difference in Health investment |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| (1) | (2) | (3) | |
| Early health shocks (i) | 1.192*** [0.325] |
−0.288 [0.312] |
1.349*** [0.243] |
| Early health shocks (j) | 0.001 [0.322] |
1.194*** [0.309] |
|
| Birth weight: < 2 kg (i) | 0.113 [0.286] |
−0.297 [0.275] |
0.534*** [0.204] |
| Birth weight: 2 – 2.5 kg (i) | 0.237 [0.232] |
0.286 [0.223] |
0.484*** [0.163] |
| Birth weight: 2.5 – 3 kg (i) | 0.248 [0.213] |
−0.192 [0.204] |
0.418*** [0.139] |
| Birth weight: < 2 kg (j) | 0.203 [0.289] |
0.889*** [0.277] |
|
| Birth weight: 2 – 2.5 kg (j) | 0.054 [0.227] |
0.463** [0.218] |
|
| Birth weight: 2.5 – 3 kg (j) | −0.073 [0.200] |
0.317* [0.192] |
|
| Male (i) | 0.291** [0.137] |
0.226* [0.132] |
0.071 [0.095] |
| Male (j) | 0.021 [0.137] |
0.087 [0.132] |
|
| Age | −0.041* [0.024] |
−0.046** [0.023] |
|
| Born at the first parity | 0.387** [0.162] |
0.361** [0.155] |
|
| Maternal age | 0.007 [0.015] |
0.003 [0.015] |
|
| Maternal ethnicity (Han=1) | 0.006 [0.173] |
0.102 [0.166] |
|
| Maternal schooling years | 0.083*** [0.024] |
0.114*** [0.023] |
|
| Maternal working sector (public=1) | −0.286 [0.246] |
−0.378 [0.237] |
|
| Rural | −0.298** [0.145] |
0.047 [0.139] |
|
| Household asset | 0.124*** [0.045] |
0.067 [0.043] |
|
| χ2 | 18.87 | 0.14 | |
| p-values | 0.34 | 0.71 | |
| # Pair of twins | 1,456 | 1,456 | 1,456 |
Note: Columns (1) and (2) report the OLS estimates; column (3) reports the within-twin fixed-effect estimates. Standard errors are in brackets;
*
significant at 10%;
**
significant at 5%;
***
significant at 1%.