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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Econ J (London). 2015 Nov 17;125(588):F347–F371. doi: 10.1111/ecoj.12291

Table 6.

Early Health Shocks and Child Education

Dependent variables:
Literature
score		 relative measure Mathematics
score		 relative measure
(1) (2) (3) (4)
2SLS estimates
Early health shocks −3.990*
[2.045]		 −0.168
[0.145]		 −4.697*
[2.432]		 −0.496***
[0.157]
Educational investmentsa 6.124
[6.313]		 0.904**
[0.426]		 3.598
[7.459]		 0.170
[0.466]
Reduced-form estimates
Early health shocks −5.142***
[1.665]		 −0.352***
[0.110]		 −5.372***
[1.996]		 −0.531***
[0.127]
# Pair of twins 1,355 1,426 1,332 1,420
Dependent variables:
Good Student
Awards		 Awards in
Contests		 Grade
Repetition		 Doing minor
actions in class
(5) (6) (7) (8)
2SLS estimates
Early health shocks −0.199***
[0.072]		 −0.067
[0.042]		 0.025
[0.038]		 0.296**
[0.121]
Educational investmentsa 0.075
[0.216]		 0.103
[0.126]		 −0.235**
[0.113]		 −0.639*
[0.387]
Reduced-form estimates
Early health shocks −0.215***
[0.058]		 0.088***
[0.033]		 0.073**
[0.029]		 0.396***
[0.101]
# Pair of twins 1,456 1,456 1,456 1,440

Note: Standard errors are in brackets;

*

significant at 10%;

**

significant at 5%;

***

significant at 1%

Birth weight and child gender are controlled for in each regression.

a

Endogenous variable. The instrumental variables include two types of interaction terms. The first type includes the interaction terms between the within-twin difference in birth weight and the household and parental level variables, and the second type includes the interaction terms between the within-twin difference in gender and the level variables. The household and parental level variables include a rural indicator, maternal working sector, age, ethnicity, and schooling years.