Table 7.
Early Health Shocks and Child Socioeconomic Skills
| Dependent variables: | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Feel lonely |
Easily distracted |
Easily frightened |
Emotional instable |
|
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | |
| 2SLS estimates |
||||
| Early health shocks | 0.132*** [0.041] |
0.121** [0.056] |
0.066 [0.046] |
0.085*** [0.024] |
| Educational investmentsa | −0.158 [0.123] |
−0.150 [0.166] |
−0.383*** [0.139] |
−0.113 [0.073] |
| Reduced-form estimates |
||||
| Early health shocks | 0.165*** [0.032] |
0.151*** [0.044] |
0.144*** [0.033] |
0.108*** [0.019] |
| # Pair of twins | 1,456 | 1,456 | 1,456 | 1,456 |
Note: Standard errors are in brackets;
*
significant at 10%;
**
significant at 5%;
***
significant at 1%.
Birth weight and child gender are controlled for in each regression.
a
Endogenous variable. The instrumental variables include two types of interaction terms. The first type includes the interaction terms between the within-twin difference in birth weight and the household and parental level variables, and the second type includes the interaction terms between the within-twin difference in gender and the level variables. The household and parental level variables include a rural indicator, maternal working sector, age, ethnicity, and schooling years.