Table 2.
Demographic characteristics
| Variables | Game-CBT | Offline-CBT | Statistics |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (male/female) | (8/2) | (9/1) | χ2=0.39, P=0.53 |
| Age | 15.8±1.7 | 16.3±1.5 | z=0.58, P=0.56 |
| ADOS | |||
| A | 3.4±0.7 | 3.5±1.0 | z=0.04, P=0.96 |
| B | 6.6±3.2 | 7.4±3.3 | z=0.49, P=0.62 |
| Diagnosis (autism/ASD) | 6/4 | 5/5 | χ2=0.20, P=0.65 |
| CARS | 25.9±4.9 | 27.5±5.6 | z=0.58, P=0.56 |
| IQ | 80.0±4.7 | 80.4±8.0 | z=0.19, P=0.85 |
| SCQ | |||
| Total | F=0.17, P=0.69a | ||
| Baseline | 20.5±4.2 | 21.0±4.7 | z=0.45, P=0.65 |
| 6 weeks | 17.4±3.1 | 18.3±3.3 | z=0.49, P=0.69 |
| SCQ-I | F=9.40, P<0.01a,b | ||
| Baseline | 8.4±2.4 | 8.0±2.3 | z=0.23, P=0.82 |
| 6 weeks | 6.3±1.3 | 7.7±1.9 | z=1.81, P=0.06 |
| SCQ-C | F=4.31, P=0.05a | ||
| Baseline | 7.2±2.3 | 7.7±2.0 | z=0.57, P=0.57 |
| 6 weeks | 6.6±2.0 | 5.8±1.3 | z=1.09, P=0.27 |
| SCQ-B | F=6.23, P=0.02a,b | ||
| Baseline | 4.7±1.3 | 5.5±1.4 | z=1.24, P=0.21 |
| 6 weeks | 4.9±1.4 | 4.8±1.5 | z=0.23, P=0.81 |
| Emotional words (%) | F=0.44, P=0.52a | ||
| 37.7±9.8 | 39.0±11.6 | z=0.15, P=0.88 | |
| 43.7±11.7 | 46.0±12.9 | z=0.19, P=0.84 | |
| Facial emoticons (%) | F=2.72, P=0.12a | ||
| 51.0±11.4 | 55.0±11.2 | z=0.75, P=0.44 | |
| 62.7±9.9 | 63.3±11.4 | z=0.11, P=0.91 |
Notes:
a
Repeated measure ANCOVA between game-CBT and offline-CBT groups controlling for age and IQ;
b
statistically significant (P<0.05).
Abbreviations: CBT, cognitive behavior therapy; ADOS, Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule; ASD, autism spectrum disorder; CARS, Childhood Autism Rating Scale; IQ, intelligence quotient; SCQ-I, social communication questionnaire current form-Korean version, reciprocal social interaction; SCQ-C, social communication questionnaire current form-Korean version, communication; SCQ-B, social communication questionnaire current form Korean version; restricted, repetitive, and stereotyped pattern behavior; ANCOVA, analysis of covariance.