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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Physiol Behav. 2016 Feb 23;158:60–67. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.02.031

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Reductions in ingoing causal flow at the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) following exercise. Granger causality (GC) results were displayed on whole-brain silhouettes with PCC voxels represented by red circles, independent components analysis (ICA) networks represented by purple circles above the brain with descriptive labels, and GC strength and direction represented by black arrows. vDMN: ventral default mode network; Language: language network; SM: sensorimotor network; BG: basal ganglia network.