Table 1.
State and county characteristics by policy tertile
| Policy frequency | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weak | Moderate | Strong | p Value* | |
| Frequency of injury prevention policies | N=25 | N=12 | N=13 | |
| Primary seat belt enforcement | 11 (44%) | 9 (75%) | 12 (92%) | 0.009 |
| Ignition interlock requirement for drunk driving | 4 (16%) | 5 (42%) | 7 (54%) | 0.043 |
| Motorcycle helmet requirement | 5 (20%) | 6 (50%) | 8 (62%) | 0.027 |
| Booster seat requirement for children under age 8 | 12 (48%) | 8 (67%) | 12 (92%) | 0.026 |
| Bicycle helmet requirement for children | 3 (12%) | 8 (67%) | 11 (85%) | <0.001 |
| Access to orders of protection for IPV in dating relationships | 19 (76%) | 12 (100%) | 13 (100%) | 0.033 |
| Access to orders of protection for teen dating violence | 2 (8%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (31%) | 0.042 |
| Strict youth sports concussion laws | 16 (64%) | 11 (92%) | 13 (100%) | 0.016 |
| Prescription drug monitoring programme | 20 (80%) | 12 (100%) | 12 (92%) | 0.185 |
| External cause-of-injury coding | 9 (36%) | 5 (42%) | 9 (69%) | 0.141 |
| Strict gun regulations | 0 (0%) | 1 (8%) | 9 (69%) | <0.001 |
| State characteristics | ||||
| Median household income ($) | 47646 | 48844 | 55131 | 0.0006 |
| Rural population (%) | 30.5 | 31.6 | 13.8 | 0.0006 |
| White population (%) | 76.6 | 68.8 | 64.4 | 0.0095 |
| Population with some college education (%) | 62.9 | 61.6 | 66.1 | 0.0006 |
| Uninsured population (%) | 17.1 | 16.2 | 13.7 | 0.0599 |
| Unemployed population (%) | 7.1 | 6.8 | 8.3 | 0.0511 |
| Population <18 years (%) | 24.0 | 22.8 | 22.7 | 0.0544 |
| Population ≥65 years (%) | 13.9 | 14.5 | 14.0 | 0.6069 |
| Per cent of MVCs involving alcohol | 32.7 | 33.5 | 34.0 | 0.8206 |
| County characteristics | N=1340 | N=519 | N=466 | |
| Median household income ($) | 44118 | 44615 | 50643 | <0.0001 |
| Rural counties (%) | 61.6 | 47.0 | 43.1 | <0.0001 |
| White population (%) | 79.0 | 74.7 | 75.1 | <0.0001 |
| Population with some college education (%) | 54.5 | 52.6 | 60.2 | <0.0001 |
| Uninsured population (%) | 18.4 | 17.4 | 15.3 | <0.0001 |
| Unemployed population (%) | 7.9 | 7.7 | 9.2 | <0.0001 |
| Population <18 years (%) | 23.6 | 22.3 | 22.4 | <0.0001 |
| Population ≥65 years (%) | 15.7 | 16.4 | 16.0 | 0.0067 |
| Per cent of MVCs involving alcohol | 30.7 | 33.4 | 32.9 | <0.0001 |
*
χ2 test was used for categorical variables; analysis of variance was used for continuous variables. IPV, intimate partner violence.