. 2016 Mar 16;77(2):277–286. doi: 10.15288/jsad.2016.77.277

Table 1.

Weighted distribution (%) of background characteristics by violence category among youth ages 12–17

Background characteristics and potential risk factors	Violence categories
Background characteristics and potential risk factors	None (n = 97,415; 90.3%)	Self-directed (n = 3,895; 3.4%)	Other-directed (n = 6,226; 5.6%)	Combined (n = 1,024; 0.8%)	Total (N = 108,560; 100%)
Sociodemographics
Gender
Male	51.3^b^,^c^,^d	26.7^a^,^c^,^d	64.3^a^,^b^,^d	37.5^a^,^b^,^c	51.1
Female	48.7^b^,^c^,^d	73.3^a^,^c^,^d	35.7^a^,^b^,^d	62.5^a^,^b^,^c	48.9
Race/ethnicity
Non-Hispanic White	57.4^b^,^c	61.0^a^,^c^,^d	45.0^a^,^b^,^d	54.8^b^,^c	56.8
Non-Hispanic Black	13.8^b^,^c	11.8^a^,^c^,^d	26.6^a^,^b^,^d	16.8^b^,^c	14.5
Non-Hispanic Native American/Alaska native	0.6^c	0.7	0.9^a	1.0	0.6
Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian/other Pacific Islander	0.3^d	0.5^d	0.5^d	0.1^a^,^b^,^c	0.3
Non-Hispanic Asian	47^b^,^c	3.3^a	2.5^a	3.7	4.5
Non-Hispanic more than one race	2 4^b^,^c^,^d	3.8^a	3.0^a^,^d	5.8^a^,^c	2.5
Hispanic	20.9^b	19.0^a^,^c	21.4^b^,^d	17.8^c	20.8
Age in years, mean	14.5^b^,^c^,^d	15.0^a^,^c^,^d	14.6^a^,^b^,^d	14.8^a^,^b^,^c	14.6
Family income, in U.S.$
<$10,000	5.5^c^,^d	6.4^c	9.1^a^,^b	8.7^a	5.7
$10,000–$29,999	21.5^b^,^c^,^d	25.5^a^,^c	29.3^a^,^b	25.9^a	22.1
$30,000–$74,999	37.2	37.4	37.7	41.3	37.3
≥$75,000	35.8^b^,^c^,^d	30.7^a^,^c^,^d	24.0^a^,^b	24.1^a^,^b	34.9
Heavy episodic drinking, past month
No	93.4^b^,^c^,^d	85.7^a^,^c^,^d	81.9^a^,^b^,^d	76.1^a^,^b^,^c	92.4
Yes	6.6^b^,^c^,^d	14.3^a^,^c^,^d	18.1^a^,^b^,^d	23.9^a^,^b^,^c	7.6
Substance use disorder criteria^†
Alcohol use disorder, past year
0–1 criteria	96.3^b^,^c^,^d	87.2^a^,^c^,^d	85.3^a^,^b^,^d	74.7^a^,^b^,^c	95.2
2–3 criteria	2.7^b^,^c^,^d	7.8^a^,^d	9.1^a^,^d	13.4^a^,^b^,^c	3.3
≥4 criteria	1.0^b^,^c^,^d	5.0^a^,^d	5.5^a^,^d	11.9^a^,^b^,^c	1.4
Nicotine dependence, past month
No	98.0^b^,^c^,^d	92.9^a^,^c^,^d	91.1^a^,^b^,^d	83.5^a^,^b^,^c	97.4
Yes	2.0^b^,^c^,^d	7.1^a^,^c^,^d	8.9^a^,^b^,^d	16.5^a^,^b^,^c	2.6
Marijuana use disorder, past year
0–1 criteria	96.6^b^,^c^,^d	87.7^a^,^c^,^d	85.2^a^,^b^,^d	76.6^a^,^b^,^c	95.5
2–3 criteria	2.4^b^,^c^,^d	7.0^a^,^d	8.3^a^,^d	12.2^a^,^b^,^c	2.9
≥4 criteria	1.0^b^,^c^,^d	5.3^a^,^d	6.5^a^,^d	11.2^a^,^b^,^c	1.6
Other drug use disorders, past year
0–1 criteria	98.8^b^,^c^,^d	91.6^a^,^c^,^d	93.9^a^,^b^,^d	77.4^a^,^b^,^c	98.1
2–3 criteria	0.8^b^,^c^,^d	4.7^a^,^c^,^d	3.5^a^,^b^,^d	10.0^a^,^b^,^c	1.1
≥4 criteria	0.4^b^,^c^,^d	3.7^a^,^c^,^d	2.5^a^,^b^,^d	12.6^a^,^b^,^c	0.7
Criminal justice involvement, past year
No	98.6^b^,^c^,^d	95.4^a^,^c^,^d	92.7^a^,^b^,^d	88.3^a^,^b^,^c	98.1
Yes	1.4^b^,^c^,^d	4.6^a^,^c^,^d	7.3^a^,^b^,^d	11.7^a^,^b^,^c	1.9

^{^†}

Alcohol use disorder criteria, marijuana use disorder criteria, and other drug use disorder criteria were the original Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, criteria excluding the criterion of legal problems. However, nicotine dependence was assessed based on the dependence criteria according to the Nicotine Dependence Syndrome Scale and the Fagerström Test of Nicotine Dependence.

^{^a}

Significantly different from “none” (p < .05);

^{^b}

significantly different from “self-direct” (p < .05);

^{^c}

significantly different from “other directed” (p < .05);

^{^d}

significantly different from “combined” (p < .05).