Table 4.
Estimated impact of control variables on the return migration hazard
| EU 15 | New EU | DC | LDC | Surinam/Antilles | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female | −0.062 (0.037) |
−0.247+
(0.100) |
−0.145 (0.095) |
0.031 (0.041) |
0.113+
(0.046) |
| Age 21–24 | 0.222** (0.045) |
1.127** (0.126) |
0.145 (0.134) |
0.321** (0.055) |
0.107+
(0.050) |
| Age 25–29 | 0.182** (0.058) |
0.744** (0.159) |
0.067 (0.143) |
0.313** (0.063) |
0.039 (0.097) |
| Age 30–34 | −0.016 (0.144) |
0.313 (0.435) |
0.090 (0.203) |
0.561** (0.088) |
−0.048 (0.293) |
| Age >35 | 0.160 (0.245) |
0.180 (0.297) |
0.622** (0.123) |
−0.602 (0.394) |
|
| Interethnic | 0.200 (0.139) |
0.001 (0.241) |
−0.484+
(0.223) |
0.081 (0.117) |
|
| NL parent | −0.373** (0.142) |
−0.124 (0.333) |
−0.062 (0.262) |
−0.482+
(0.205) |
|
| Unemployment (nat) | 0.049 (0.085) |
0.619** (0.219) |
0.278 (0.237) |
0.416** (0.120) |
0.084 (0.107) |
| U at entry | −0.094 (0.086) |
−0.868** (0.248) |
−0.088 (0.232) |
−0.479** (0.110) |
−0.266 (0.143) |
| Year 2000 | 0.184 (0.121) |
−0.320 (0.519) |
0.162 (0.365) |
0.064 (0.161) |
0.095 (0.112) |
| Year 2001 | 0.397** (0.148) |
−0.223 (0.583) |
0.089 (0.425) |
0.181 (0.190) |
0.192 (0.178) |
| Year 2002 | 0.595** (0.134) |
0.819 (0.530) |
0.478 (0.400) |
0.596** (0.168) |
0.556** (0.141) |
| Year 2003 | 1.052** (0.119) |
2.721** (0.471) |
0.986+
(0.387) |
1.607** (0.156) |
0.874** (0.130) |
| Year 2004 | 1.444** (0.145) |
3.206** (0.510) |
1.564** (0.463) |
2.606** (0.197) |
1.125** (0.218) |
| Year 2005 | 1.788** (0.140) |
4.813** (0.501) |
2.097** (0.467) |
2.945** (0.189) |
1.293** (0.207) |
| Year 2006–2007 | 1.802** (0.121) |
4.482** (0.485) |
2.441** (0.438) |
3.031** (0.162) |
1.073** (0.153) |
| Unemployment (nat.) (6–12 months) | 0.180+
(0.087) |
−0.374 (0.203) |
0.139 (0.220) |
−0.190 (0.121) |
0.319+
(0.132) |
| Unemployment (nat.) (1–2 years) | 0.183+
(0.089) |
0.511+
(0.214) |
0.074 (0.222) |
-0.024 (0.120) |
0.022 (0.122) |
| Unemployment (nat.) (2–3 years) | 0.282** (0.104) |
−0.023 (0.250) |
0.342 (0.272) |
−0.078 (0.130) |
0.015 (0.134) |
| Unemployment (nat.) (3–5 years) | 0.285+
(0.111) |
−0.389 (0.286) |
0.205 (0.298) |
−0.096 (0.136) |
0.095 (0.135) |
| Unemployment (nat.) (>5 years) | 0.434** (0.125) |
−0.351 (0.429) |
−0.025 (0.327) |
0.042 (0.153) |
0.205 (0.121) |
| Duration dependence | |||||
| α 2 (6–12 months) | 0.911** (0.080) |
2.169** (0.186) |
1.088** (0.221) |
2.142** (0.117) |
−0.014 (0.125) |
| α 3 (1–2 years) | 1.162** (0.086) |
3.117** (0.206) |
1.384** (0.248) |
2.469** (0.122) |
0.136 (0.110) |
| α 4 (2–3 years) | 1.423** (0.102) |
4.266** (0.268) |
1.443** (0.313) |
2.620** (0.138) |
0.189 (0.121) |
| α 5 (3–5 years) | 1.775** (0.108) |
4.903** (0.325) |
1.980** (0.343) |
3.335** (0.146) |
0.253+
(0.117) |
| α 6 (>5 years) | 1.982** (0.132) |
5.117** (0.459) |
2.798** (0.406) |
3.898** (0.166) |
0.705** (0.114) |
+ p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01