Table 2.

Effect of lifestyle on fertility and infertility in dimensions of (physical, mental, spiritual, and environmental health)

Lifestyle dimensions	Mechanism	Results	Number of articles	Counseling advice
Physical health	Chronic diseases increase with aging, infertility hormonal changes, imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants threaten health	Reduced fertilization, delayed pregnancy, lack of endometrial acceptance, preeclampsia, preterm labor, moles	13	Use of antioxidants, pregnancy at appropriate age
Psychological health	Increased stress, anxiety, and depression, increased schizophrenia	Impact on sperm density, sperm morphology, neurotransmitter changes due to hypothalamus dysfunction, reduced testosterone and LH	7	Problem-solving skills, coping with negative mood and anxiety, cognitive-behavioral interventions
Social health	Desire to talk with others, removing tension, establishing relationships and asking for help, essential source of compliance, increased resilience, increased satisfaction	Increased quality of semen, reduced stress, increased endometrial acceptance,	9	Teaching communication and life skills, problem-solving skills
Spiritual health	Sense of belonging to a superior force, reduced negative burden, and negative effects of disease, sense of purpose, treatment follow-up	Creating psychological health, reduced stress, improved quality of life	6	Development of spirituality, respect for beliefs of references
Environmental health	Contact with toxic materials, such as lead, methyl mercury, pesticides, radioactive materials	Effects on sperm morphology, chromosomal mutation, fetal abnormalities, restricted growth, stillbirth, preterm labor, miscarriage	4	Avoiding exposure to chemicals, observing principles of safety, wearing proper work uniform