Table 1.

Sample characteristics, glycemic control and significance among adults with T2DM, N=300

Characteristics	Categories	Good control n	%	Poor control n	%	Total N	%	DES p value
Age (years)	30-39	24	51.1	23	48.9	47	16	0.000*
	40-49	52	50.5	51	49.5	103	34
	50-59	36	39.1	56	60.9	92	31
	60 & above	26	44.8	32	55.2	58	19
Gender	Male	54	37.8	89	62.2	143	48	0.396
	Female	84	53.5	73	46.5	157	52
Education	Until 8th grade	56	47.9	61	52.1	117	39	0.000*
	High school	51	54.3	43	45.7	94	31
	Diploma/Technical	31	10.3	58	67.4	89	30
Prevents activities of daily living	Never	43	39.8	65	60.2	108	36	0.000*
	Moderately	74	47.4	82	52.6	156	52
	Mostly	21	58.3	15	41.7	36	12
Ability to manage positively	Moderate ability	95	31.7	97	32.3	192	64	0.000*
	Good ability	43	14.3	65	21.7	108	36
Duration of diabetes (years)	0-9	57	50.9	55	49.1	112	37	0.000*
	10-19	68	47.2	76	52.8	144	48
	20 & above	13	29.5	31	70.5	44	15
Diabetes education program	No	54	47.0	61	53.0	115	38	0.000*
	Yes	84	45.4	101	54.6	185	62
Medications	Oral Hypoglycemics	109	48.7	107	51.3	216	75	0.000*
	Oral Hypoglycemics and insulin	29	9.7	55	18.3	84	25
Body mass index	< 18.5 - Underweight	3	37.5	5	62.5	8	3	0.118
	18.5 - 24.9 - Healthy weight	87	43.1	115	56.9	202	67
	25 - 29.9 - Overweight	48	53.3	42	46.7	90	30

Note.

^*p<0.001 level of significance using ANOVA. HbA1C (glycosylated haemaglobin) < 7% is good glycemic control, HbA1C > 7% is poor glycemic control. DM: Diabetes Mellitus, DES: Diabetes empowerment scale.