Table 3.
Comparison of mean serum parameter values in BMI groups at baseline by sex
| Parameter (unit) | BMI group | Group difference | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low BMI | Medium BMI | High BMI | ANOVA p-value | Specific group differencea | ||||||||||
| N | Mean | SD | N | Mean | SD | N | Mean | SD | L vs. M | M vs. H | H vs. L | |||
| Men | ||||||||||||||
| SBP (mm Hg) | 4066 | 118.5 | 13.9 | 5998 | 121.9 | 13.5 | 6576 | 126.8 | 14.7 | <0.0001 | M | H | H | |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 4066 | 72.5 | 9.6 | 5998 | 74.8 | 9.7 | 6576 | 79.0 | 10.3 | <0.0001 | M | H | H | |
| HDL-C (mmol/l) | 4016 | 1.6 | 0.4 | 5794 | 1.5 | 0.3 | 6248 | 1.3 | 0.3 | <0.0001 | L | M | L | |
| LDL-C (mmol/l) | 3941 | 2.8 | 0.7 | 5715 | 3.1 | 0.8 | 6153 | 3.4 | 0.9 | <0.0001 | M | H | H | |
| TG (mmol/l) | 2512 | 1.0 | 0.7 | 4061 | 1.3 | 1.0 | 4427 | 1.7 | 1.4 | <0.0001 | M | H | H | |
| FBG (mmol/l) | 2333 | 5.1 | 0.6 | 3836 | 5.2 | 0.5 | 4296 | 5.3 | 0.7 | <0.0001 | M | H | H | |
| HbA1c (%) | 1051 | 5.39 | 0.59 | 1695 | 5.42 | 0.59 | 1986 | 5.63 | 0.80 | <0.0001 | n.s. | H | H | |
| Women | ||||||||||||||
| SBP (mm Hg) | 4971 | 111.3 | 13.8 | 3116 | 116.4 | 14.4 | 2097 | 122.7 | 15.6 | <0.0001 | M | H | H | |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 4971 | 68.0 | 9.0 | 3116 | 70.8 | 9.3 | 2097 | 74.9 | 10.2 | <0.0001 | M | H | H | |
| HDL-C (mmol/l) | 4761 | 1.8 | 0.3 | 2870 | 1.7 | 0.3 | 1866 | 1.6 | 0.3 | <0.0001 | L | M | L | |
| LDL-C (mmol/l) | 4706 | 2.9 | 0.7 | 2842 | 3.2 | 0.8 | 1849 | 3.4 | 0.8 | <0.0001 | M | H | H | |
| TG (mmol/l) | 3652 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 2257 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 1429 | 1.1 | 0.7 | <0.0001 | M | H | H | |
| FBG (mmol/l) | 3538 | 4.9 | 0.4 | 2340 | 5.0 | 0.4 | 1505 | 5.2 | 0.6 | <0.0001 | M | H | H | |
| HbA1c (%) | 1549 | 5.41 | 0.35 | 1132 | 5.53 | 0.47 | 838 | 5.66 | 0.60 | <0.0001 | M | H | H | |
Note. N: number of subjects after selection criteria were applied; SD: standard deviation; BMI: body mass index (kg/m2); SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG: triglycerides; HbA1c: hemoglobin A1c; FBG: fasting blood glucose; low BMI: BMI <20.9; medium BMI: BMI 20.9–23.5; high BMI: BMI ≥23.5; ANOVA: analysis of variance; L vs. M: comparison of low BMI and medium BMI groups; M vs. H: comparison of medium and high BMI groups; H vs. L: comparison of high and low BMI groups;
Games–Howell comparison was used to analyze the differences between the means of the BMI groups; L: low BMI group is significantly greater at p<0.0001; M: medium BMI group is significantly greater at p<0.0001; H: high BMI group is significantly greater at p<0.0001; n.s.: not significant.