Table 2.
Responses of biochemical measurements to placebo or vitamin B-6 supplementation during and after the intervention period1.
| Biochemical measurements | Placebo (n = 16) | Vitamin B-6 (n = 17) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| wk 0 | wk 4 | wk 8 | wk 12 | wk 0 | wk 4 | wk 8 | wk 12 | |
| PLP (nmol/L) | 90.6 ± 25.0 | 96.9 ± 31.0 | 58.3 ± 7.8 | 80.3 ± 18.5 | 91.2 ± 30.8a | 347.4 ± 77.3b,∗∗ | 337.9 ± 46.5b,† | 354.7 ± 61.3b,†† |
| Liver function | ||||||||
| BUN (mg/dL) | 15.4 ± 1.3 | 14.8 ± 1.1 | 15.9 ± 1.4 | 15.2 ± 1.0 | 16.6 ± 1.5 | 15.4 ± 1.4 | 15.1 ± 1.3 | 15.4 ± 1.1 |
| ALT (U/L) | 48.6 ± 9.7 | 50.5 ± 11.0 | 53.8 ± 14.0 | 57.5 ± 16.1 | 48.6 ± 7.1 | 40.3 ± 4.4 | 40.5 ± 5.1 | 49.9 ± 12.4 |
| AST (U/L) | 37.1 ± 6.7 | 36.9 ± 6.8 | 40.8 ± 9.2 | 44.1 ± 9.0 | 32.0 ± 3.5 | 34.2 ± 4.2 | 35.4 ± 3.4 | 38.5 ± 4.6 |
| ALP (U/L) | 93.1 ± 13.3 | 98.3 ± 14.7 | 105.0 ± 14.6 | 99.7 ± 13.9 | 72.5 ± 5.9 | 73.6 ± 8.3 | 88.6 ± 10.6 | 93.6 ± 9.1 |
| Oxidative stress | ||||||||
| Homocysteine (μmol/L) | 12.7 ± 0.9 | 11.6 ± 1.0 | 11.6 ± 0.9 | 11.7 ± 1.0 | 13.2 ± 0.8a | 11.5 ± 0.7b | 10.8 ± 0.9b | 11.3 ± 0.6b |
| Cysteine (μmol/L) | 207.6 ± 8.4a,b | 195.8 ± 7.7a | 206.6 ± 7.2a,b | 219.1 ± 8.9b | 210.4 ± 9.7a,b | 186.8 ± 4.9c | 188.9 ± 7.2b,c | 220.5 ± 9.9a |
| MDA (μmol/L) | 0.9 ± 0.2 | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 0.8 ± 0.1 |
| Antioxidant capacities | ||||||||
| TEAC (μmol/L) | 4647.3 ± 129.2 | 4593.0 ± 109.2 | 4788.4 ± 139.1 | 4775.0 ± 132.0 | 4599.4 ± 79.7a | 4584.9 ± 124.5a,b | 4619.2 ± 115.8a | 5012.7 ± 127.3b |
| SOD (U/mL) | 11.3 ± 0.9 | 11.9 ± 1.2 | 11.0 ± 1.3 | 11.5 ± 0.7 | 12.3 ± 1.0 | 13.4 ± 1.2 | 13.6 ± 1.8 | 13.4 ± 1.8 |
| GSH (μg/mL) | 17.9 ± 1.9a | 11.8 ± 1.1b | 11.9 ± 1.2b | 14.2 ± 1.4b | 17.9 ± 2.4a | 12.8 ± 2.1b | 10.1 ± 1.3b | 11.7 ± 0.9b |
| GSSG (μg/mL) | 408.7 ± 19.5 | 393.2 ± 12.8 | 407.3 ± 10.7 | 442.1 ± 15.6 | 391.5 ± 18.1 | 385.4 ± 12.0 | 402.5 ± 7.0 | 411.2 ± 18.4 |
| GSH/GSSG ratio (×10−2) | 4.4 ± 1.9 | 3.0 ± 0.3 | 3.0 ± 0.4 | 3.3 ± 0.4 | 4.7 ± 0.6a | 3.4 ± 0.6b | 2.5 ± 0.3b | 2.7 ± 0.2b |
| GPx (nmol/min/mL) | 145.7 ± 20.2a,b | 117.5 ± 17.0a | 153.5 ± 29.0a,b | 169.6 ± 16.8b | 157.0 ± 19.1 | 120.6 ± 15.3 | 136.9 ± 16.5 | 164.8 ± 20.7 |
| GR (nmol/min/mL) | 59.9 ± 2.7 | 57.1 ± 3.6 | 59.5 ± 4.5 | 62.9 ± 4.9 | 70.7 ± 3.9a,∗ | 55.9 ± 3.1b | 54.4 ± 2.6b | 54.7 ± 2.7b |
| GST (nmol/min/mL) | 40.8 ± 3.5 | 35.3 ± 3.3 | 39.5 ± 5.5 | 37.5 ± 5.7 | 38.4 ± 4.8 | 32.4 ± 4.1 | 45.7 ± 3.7 | 41.9 ± 4.1 |
1Values are means ± standard error of mean (SE). PLP: pyridoxal 5′-phosphate; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; ALP: alkaline phosphatase; MDA: malondialdehyde; TEAC: trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity; SOD: superoxide dismutase; GSH: glutathione; GSSG: oxidized glutathione; GPx: glutathione peroxidase; GR: glutathione reductase; GST: glutathione S-transferase.
a,b,cValues with different superscript letters are significantly different within the group (p < 0.05).
∗Values are significantly different from the placebo group at week 0 (p < 0.05).
∗∗Values are significantly different from the placebo group at week 4 (p < 0.05).
†Values are significantly different from the placebo group at week 8 (p < 0.05).
††Values are significantly different from the placebo group at week 12 (p < 0.05).