Table 4.
Multivariable adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals of mortality according to score on Japanese food guide (lower score=lower adherence=lower quality diet)
| Fourths of score | 10 point increment | P trend* | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||
| Mean (SD) score | 34.2 (4.9) | 44.1 (2.0) | 51.5 (2.3) | 60.3 (3.3) | — | — |
| Person years | 301 776 | 261 794 | 328 105 | 292 520 | — | — |
| Total mortality | ||||||
| No of deaths | 3497 | 2463 | 2470 | 1753 | — | — |
| Rate/1000 person years | 11.6 | 9.4 | 7.5 | 6.0 | — | — |
| Age, sex, and area adjusted HR (95% CI)† | 1.00 (ref) | 0.86 (0.82 to 0.91) | 0.80 (0.75 to 0.84) | 0.74 (0.70 to 0.80) | 0.88 (0.86 to 0.90) | <0.001 |
| Multivariable adjusted HR (95% CI)‡ | 1.00 (ref) | 0.92 (0.87 to 0.97) | 0.88 (0.83 to 0.93) | 0.85 (0.79 to 0.91) | 0.93 (0.91 to 0.95) | <0.001 |
| Cancer mortality | ||||||
| No of deaths | 1421 | 995 | 1016 | 755 | — | — |
| Rate/1000 person years | 4.7 | 3.8 | 3.1 | 2.6 | — | — |
| Age, sex, and area adjusted HR (95% CI)† | 1.00 (ref) | 0.89 (0.82 to 0.96) | 0.85 (0.78 to 0.93) | 0.86 (0.77 to 0.96) | 0.92 (0.89 to 0.95) | <0.001 |
| Multivariable adjusted HR (95% CI)‡ | 1.00 (ref) | 0.94 (0.87 to 1.02) | 0.94 (0.86 to 1.02) | 0.96 (0.87 to 1.07) | 0.96 (0.93 to 1.00) | 0.053 |
| Cardiovascular disease mortality | ||||||
| No of deaths | 843 | 640 | 619 | 458 | — | — |
| Rate/1000 person years | 2.8 | 2.4 | 1.9 | 1.6 | — | — |
| Age, sex, and area adjusted HR (95% CI)† | 1.00 (ref) | 0.89 (0.80 to 0.99) | 0.77 (0.69 to 0.86) | 0.72 (0.63 to 0.82) | 0.87 (0.83 to 0.91) | <0.001 |
| Multivariable adjusted HR (95% CI)‡ | 1.00 (ref) | 0.97 (0.87 to 1.07) | 0.86 (0.77 to 0.97) | 0.84 (0.73 to 0.96) | 0.93 (0.89 to 0.98) | 0.005 |
| Heart disease mortality | ||||||
| No of deaths | 445 | 334 | 337 | 226 | — | — |
| Rate/1000 person years | 1.5 | 1.3 | 1.0 | 0.8 | — | — |
| Age, sex, and area adjusted HR (95% CI)† | 1.00 (ref) | 0.90 (0.78 to 1.04) | 0.83 (0.71 to 0.96) | 0.73 (0.60 to 0.88) | 0.90 (0.84 to 0.96) | <0.001 |
| Multivariable adjusted HR (95% CI)‡ | 1.00 (ref) | 0.97 (0.84 to 1.13) | 0.92 (0.79 to 1.08) | 0.84 (0.70 to 1.02) | 0.96 (0.90 to 1.02) | 0.21 |
| Cerebrovascular disease mortality | ||||||
| No of deaths | 325 | 256 | 240 | 184 | — | — |
| Rate/1000 person years | 1.1 | 1.0 | 0.7 | 0.6 | — | — |
| Age, sex, and area adjusted HR (95% CI)† | 1.00 (ref) | 0.89 (0.76 to 1.06) | 0.72 (0.60 to 0.86) | 0.66 (0.53 to 0.82) | 0.82 (0.76 to 0.89) | <0.001 |
| Multivariable adjusted HR (95% CI)‡ | 1.00 (ref) | 0.97 (0.82 to 1.15) | 0.81 (0.68 to 0.98) | 0.78 (0.63 to 0.97) | 0.89 (0.82 to 0.95) | 0.002 |
*Continuous variables of score used to test linear trend with mortality.
†Adjusted for age, sex, and public health centre area.
‡Additionally adjusted for BMI, smoking status, total physical activity, history of hypertension, history of diabetes, history of dyslipidaemia, coffee consumption, green tea consumption, and occupation.