Figure 2. IL-1β is present at a significant concentration in bone defects within the first 10 days following injury.

(a–c) Calvarial defects (4 mm diameter) were treated with fibrin matrices. Fibrin matrices and bone tissue surrounding the defects (1 mm farther) were collected at different time points. Interleukins present in the harvested tissues and in fibrin matrices were detected using an antibody array (a) and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (b,c). (c) IL-1β concentrations found in mice that have been treated with control or clodronate liposomes (lip.). For panels a–c, data are means±s.e.m. (n≥3 per time point). *P<0.05, **P<0.01; Student's t-test.