Table 1.

Soil, plant, and aphid responses to precipitation and herbivore treatments from linear mixed models.

Response variable	Figures	Herbivore treatment			Precipitation			Herbivore treatment × Precipitation
		F	P	df	F	P	df	F	P	df
SOIL CHARACTERISTICS
Soil water (%)#	2	16.10	0.001	3.45	223.00	<0.001	2.15	2.44	0.039	6.45
PLANT CHARACTERISTICS
Phalaris aquatica
Height (week 6)	3	1.91	0.141	3.45	0.35	0.708	2.15	0.58	0.741	6.45
Height (week 8)	3	2.41	0.080	3.45	28.09	<0.001	2.15	1.85	0.111	6.45
Height (week 12)	3	6.05	0.002	3.45	48.61	<0.001	2.15	1.38	0.245	6.45
Number of tillers	S1	3.12	0.035	3,45	84.22	<0.001	2,15	0.53	0.786	6.45
Shoot mass#	4	0.91	0.445	3.45	91.58	<0.001	2.15	1.67	0.149	6.45
Root mass#	4	2.24	0.097	3.45	21.15	<0.001	2.15	0.22	0.968	6.45
Shoot %N*	5	2.92	0.044	3.45	2.57	0.110	2.15	0.76	0.607	6.45
Root %N*	5	3.10	0.036	3,45	2.07	0.161	2,15	2.21	0.059	6.45
Shoot %C	S2	0.37	0.775	3.45	3.82	0.046	2.15	0.77	0.600	6.45
Root %C	S2	1.84	0.154	3.45	1.65	0.226	2.15	0.75	0.616	6.45
Medicago sativa
Height (week 6)	3	0.47	0.702	3.45	0.08	0.926	2.15	0.52	0.793	6.45
Height (week 8)	3	0.69	0.565	3.45	3.90	0.043	2.15	0.31	0.926	6.45
Height (week 12)	3	1.67	0.187	3.45	70.57	<0.001	2.15	0.85	0.538	6.45
Shoot mass*	4	0.70	0.558	3.45	19.99	<0.001	2.15	0.47	0.827	6.45
Root mass*	4	1.51	0.226	3.45	9.44	0.002	2.15	0.50	0.801	6.45
Nodulation	6	4.38	0.009	3.45	3.84	0.045	2.15	0.26	0.952	6.45
Root %N	6	3.48	0.024	3.43	1.40	0.277	2.15	0.67	0.672	6.43
Root N content*	6	2.29	0.092	3.43	18.25	<0.001	2.15	1.02	0.423	6.43
Root %C	7	0.43	0.731	3.43	5.39	0.017	2.15	2.63	0.029	6.43
APHID RESPONSES
Population#	9	4.56	0.040	1.33	5.38	0.017	2.15	2.14	0.134	2.33
Colonization	S5	3.35	0.076	1.33	3.73	0.048	2.15	3.32	0.049	2.33

P-values highlighted in bold indicate significance (P < 0.05). Where appropriate, response variables were transformed (

^*Log,

^#Square root) before analysis.