Table 3. The altered metabolites detected by HILIC-UPLC-MS of polar extracts of liver from CUMS-treated rat and their variation tendency.
| NO. | Metabolites | Rt_Mass | VIP | Trend | Metabolic Pathway |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| L15 | nicotinamide+ | 1.15_123.0560 | 6.2 | ↓** | Nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism |
| L16 | hypoxanthine+ | 1.62_137.0463 | 9.5 | ↑** | Purine metabolism |
| L17 | oleic acid+ | 4.02_283.1757 | 7.3 | ↓** | Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids |
| L18 | 4-aminobutyric acid+ | 4.85_104.1076 | 6.9 | ↓** | Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism |
| L19 | isovalerylcarnitine+ | 5.45_246.1704 | 5.4 | ↑** | Lysine degradation |
| L20 | isobutyryl-1-carnitine+ | 5.6_232.1539 | 5.7 | ↑** | Lysine degradation |
| L21 | O-Acetyl carnitine+ | 6.00_204.1236 | 10.9 | ↑** | Lysine degradation |
| L22 | creatine+ | 6.14_132.0775 | 7.0 | ↑** | Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism |
| L23 | carnitine+ | 6.23_162.1130 | 26.2 | ↓** | Lysine degradation |
| L24 | glycerophosphocholine+ | 8.25_258.1110 | 13.5 | ↓** | Glycerophospholipid metabolism |
| L25 | taurochenodeoxycholic acid− | 0.88_498.2882 | 9.4 | ↑** | Primary bile acid biosynthesis |
| L26 | glycerophosphoethanolamine− | 7.07_214.0481 | 3.9 | ↓** | Glycerophospholipid metabolism |
“+” represent the metabolites detected in positive mode;
“−” metabolites detected in negative mode.
*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 compared with control group.