FIGURE 1.

Task procedure. (A) Auction to obtain WTP for each item. This procedure was identical in all three experiments. (B) Training phase. In Experiment 1, participants were instructed at the beginning of each block to either press a button every time an item appeared on the screen or to simply view the items without pressing any buttons. In Experiment 2, participants were instructed to press a button when they heard a tone (that appeared concurrently with food onset, with no delay) but before the image disappeared from the screen (1 s after it appeared). In Experiment 3, training was standard, i.e., participants were instructed to press a button when they heard a tone (occurring after a variable delay based on a staircase) but before the image disappeared from the screen (1 s after it appeared). Images appeared on the screen one at a time, and ∼25% of items were associated with a tone. Trials were separated by a jittered intertrial interval (ITI) with a mean duration of 3 s. GSD, Go-signal delay. (C) Probe phase. Participants were instructed to choose one of two items that appeared on the screen to the right and left of a central fixation cross. Participants were told that a single trial would be selected and honored for real consumption, meaning they would receive the food item they chose on that particular trial to eat. Participants had 1.5 s to make their choice, and trials were separated by a variable intertrial interval with a mean duration of 3 s. In Experiments 1 and 2, participants made their choice using button presses, whereas in Experiment 3, participants were asked to fixate for 750 ms with their eyes on one of the items to indicate choice. RT, reaction time.