Table 1. Baseline patient characteristics and preoperative risk factors for patients undergoing esophagectomy.
| Viariable a | All patients N = 166 | Group I N = 149 | Group II N = 17 | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 60.77 ± 7.66 | 60.97 ± 7.61 | 58.94 ± 8.01 | 0.30 |
| Male | 131(78.92%) | 116(77.85%) | 15(88.24%) | 0.53 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 22.95 ± 3.24 | 22.98 ± 3.34 | 22.61 ± 2.24 | 0.54 |
| Medical history, n (%) | ||||
| Hypertension | 41(24.70%) | 36(24.16%) | 5(29.41%) | 0.77 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 16(9.64%) | 15(10.07%) | 1(5.88%) | 1.00 |
| Respiratory | 69(41.57%) | 61(40.94%) | 8(47.06%) | 0.80 |
| Heart disease | 26(15.66%) | 20(13.42%) | 6(35.29%) | 0.03 |
| Gastrointestinal ulcer | 124(75.90%) | 110(73.83%) | 14(82.35%) | 0.57 |
| Cerebrovescular disease | 4(2.41%) | 3(2.01%) | 1(5.88%) | 0.35 |
| Major surgery | 13(7.83%) | 12(8.05%) | 1(5.88%) | 1.00 |
| Duration of presenting symptoms(months) | 3.66 ± 7.83 | 3.36 ± 7.25 | 6.28 ± 11.71 | 0.33 |
| Time between diagnosis and surgery (days) | 6.80 ± 3.17 | 6.65 ± 2.69 | 8.12 ± 5.89 | 0.32 |
| Weight loss (kg) | 1.95 ± 2.74 | 2.08 ± 2.83 | 0.77 ± 1.30 | 0.002 |
| Albumin(g/L) | 41.49 ± 2.90 | 41.36 ± 2.93 | 42.62 ± 2.36 | 0.09 |
| Lymphocyte number≥1500( /mm2) | 107(64.46%) | 97(65.10%) | 10(58.82%) | 0.60 |
| Hemoglobin(mg/dL) | 141.43 ± 12.75 | 140.71 ± 12.80 | 147.65 ± 10.75 | 0.03 |
| Smoking history (ever-smokers) | 92(55.42%) | 82(55.03%) | 10(58.82%) | 1.00 |
| Tumor localization, n (%) | 0.11 | |||
| Upper | 15(9.04%) | 11(7.38%) | 4(23.53%) | |
| Middle | 57(34.34%) | 52(34.90%) | 5(29.41%) | |
| Lower | 94(56.62%) | 86(57.72%) | 8(47.06%) | |
| Pulmonary function test | ||||
| VC | 93.79 ± 16.57 | 94.66 ± 16.73 | 87.54 ± 13.12 | 0.09 |
| FVC | 89.86 ± 15.30 | 90.71 ± 15.07 | 83.39 ± 15.52 | 0.06 |
| FEV1 | 95.79 ± 18.31 | 97.09 ± 17.94 | 86.18 ± 18.61 | 0.02 |
| MVV | 87.91 ± 19.65 | 88.67 ± 18.96 | 79.60 ± 24.09 | 0.07 |
| PEF | 88.81 ± 21.25 | 90.18 ± 20.74 | 75.67 ± 22.91 | 0.008 |
| DLCO | 82.46 ± 15.61 | 82.29 ± 15.73 | 84.41 ± 15.70 | 0.59 |
adata are shown as mean ± standard deviation or n (%) as appropriate. VC: vital capacity; FVC: forced vital capacity; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 second; MVV: maximum ventilator volume; PEF: peak expiratory flow; DLCO: diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide.