Figure 3.

Representative spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and multi-focal electroretinogram changes in a 67-year-old female patient preoperative minimum and base diameters were 478 μm and 854 μm, respectively; defects of the external limiting membrane were indicated by arrow heads and the ellipsoid zone by arrows. Letter “N” and “T” represent “nasal” and “temporal” side of the macula, respectively. At baseline, on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, cystoid edema was more prominent on the temporal side of the macular hole (a), and there was a single small peak on three-dimensional plot of multi-focal electroretinogram (d) and the average retinal response density of the central seven hexagons and the fovea (g, the black numbers within the red hexagon) were 8.4 and 10.1 nV/deg², respectively; the initial best corrected visual acuity was 0.02 (20/1000). One-month postoperatively, the macular hole had closed, but the defects of the external limiting membrane and the ellipsoid zone were larger than baseline levels, especially on the temporal side; note also the rugged inner surface of the temporal macula (asterisk) (b); the central peak on the three-dimensional plot of multi-focal electroretinogram was further depressed, (e) with average retinal response density of the central seven hexagons and the fovea decreased to 5.0 and 6.0 nV/deg², respectively (h); however, the best-corrected visual acuity still increased to 0.05 (20/400). Three months after surgery, defects of the external limiting membrane and the ellipsoid zone were partially restored although the inner surface of the temporal macula became even more rugged (asterisk) (c); a mild recovery of the central peak on the three-dimensional plot of multi-focal electroretinogram was detected (f) with average retinal response density of the central seven hexagons and the fovea increased to 5.8 and 7.5 nV/deg², respectively (i); the best corrected visual acuity increased to 0.10 (20/200).