Table 2.
Effects of pre-antiretroviral therapy (ART) and time-updated characteristics on the risk of developing tuberculosis (TB) after ART initiation
| HR (unadjusted) 95 % CI |
P | aHR (adjusted) 95 % CI |
P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (at ART initiation) | ||||
| < 3 years | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
| ≥ 3 years | 0.63 (0.40–1.02) | 0.06 | 0.54 (0.31–0.96) | 0.04 |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
| Female | 1.51 (0.94–2.45) | 0.09 | 1.88 (1.15–3.06) | 0.01 |
| Height-for-age Z score | ||||
| (time-updated) | 0.65 (0.55–0.78) | <0.001 | 0.93 (0.73–1.20) | 0.61 |
| Weight-for-age Z score | ||||
| (time-updated) | 0.62 (0.54–0.71) | <0.001 | 0.70 (0.56–0.86) | 0.001 |
| WHO stage (pre-ART) | ||||
| 1 or 2 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
| 3 or 4 | 1.82 (1.05–3.16) | 0.03 | 1.32 (0.72–2.40) | 0.37 |
| CD4 % | ||||
| (time-updated) | 0.94 (0.92–0.97) | <0.001 | 0.94 (0.91–0.97) | <0.001 |
| Initial ART | ||||
| Included NVP | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
| Did not include NVP | 0.51 (0.29–0.92) | 0.02 | 0.95 (0.47–1.90) | 0.87 |
| Randomization | ||||
| A (3TC/ABC/NNRTI throughout) | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
| B (3TC/ABC/NNRTI throughout, ZDV until week 36) | 0.75 (0.44–1.29) | 0.31 | 0.83 (0.48–1.43) | 0.50 |
| C (3TC/ABC/ZDV throughout, NNRTI until week 36) | 0.48 (0.26–0.89) | 0.02 | 0.43 (0.22–0.81) | 0.01 |
Note: final model includes all factors with P <0.1 in univariable analyses (Table 1)
3TC Lamivudine, ABC Abacavir, aHR Adjusted hazard ratio, HR Hazard ratio, NNRTI Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, NVP Nevirapine, ZDV Zidovudine