Table 1.
Toll-like receptor ligands
| TLR subtype | PAMPs | DAMPs |
|---|---|---|
| TLR1 | (w/TLR2) triacyl lipoprotein | n.d. |
| TLR2 | Lipoproteins (w/TLR1), triacyl lipoprotein (w/TLR6), diacyl lipoprotein, LTA, zymosan | (w/TLR6) HMGB1, HSPs, ECM |
| TLR3 | dsRNA | mRNA |
| TLR4 | LPS, viral envelop proteins | HMGB1, HSPs, ECM, Ox-phospholipids, β-defensin 2 (w/TLR6) Amyloid-β, Ox-LDL |
| TLR5 | Flagellin | n. d. |
| TLR6 | (w/TLR2) diacyl lipoprotein, LTA, zymosan | (w/TLR2) HMGB1, HSPs, ECM |
| mTLR7/hTLR8 | ssRNA | ssRNA (immune complex) |
| TLR9 | DNA, hemozoin | DNA (immune complex) |
| TLR10 | Unknown | n. d. |
| TLR11 | Profilin-like molecule, Uropathogenic bacteria | n. d. |
n. d. no data